,A^^' 



'^>. -^ 



.^^ <%.. 






•x* 



1> ^-^^ 



A'^^ 



'J- 

>0 c 



PIEDMONT AIR LINE RAILWAY. 

THE POPULAR ROUTE TO ALL POINTS IN FLORIDA, 




Passenc^ers will find this line, via Ricliniond, Greensboro and 
Charlotte^ the best route. The cars are comfortable; eating houses 
good ; scenery diversified and entertaining. It passes through 
an upland country the entire distance, and through more of the 
principal cities, and is 45 miles shorter than any other route via 
Columbia to Aiken, Augusta, Savannah, Jacksonville and all points 
in Florida. Tickets are on sale via Charlotte, Atlanta, Macon and 
Jesup to Jacksonville, at same price of via Columbia, Charleston 
and Savannah. Excursion, Tickets have been put on sale on 
this Line via Washington, [.rnchburg, Danville, Charlotte and 
Atlanta, and via Baltimore, Richmond, Charlotte and Atlanta. 

Pi-ice— New York to Jacksonville and return, $G0.00. 

SLEEPING CARS ON ALL NIGHT TRAINS. 

This line is now making tiie quickest time ever made to southern 
and soutlmestern points. New York to Atlanta only 42 hours; 
Montgomery, 50 ; Mobile, 59 : New Orleans, 06 ; Galveston, 90 
hours : having the advantage (»f from 64 to 235 miles in distance 
Connections are easilv made and are always sure. Tickets good 
until used, and always as cheap as by any other ^^ll-i'^^^^^J't^.^^l^.^^^,^ 
CAUTION.— Be sure and soo that your tickets read MA KlCHxMUJN^, 
GREENSl'.ORO and, CHARLOTTE. . . , . ^ c n „f «n 

For full iuformatiou see small lime tables and circulars to be found at all 
ticket offices. ^ ^ MACMURDO, Oen'l Pass Agent, 

C. TINGLING, Richmond, ^■a. 

Gen'l Eastern Pa?seuspv Agent, 9 Astor House, N. \ . 



/^ 



Txa:^] 



km To MB TflEOM Floim, 



"T+f£ tAI^B Of rtOWE^S/' 



CONTAINIXG A 



HISTORICAL SKETCH, GEOGRAPHICAL. AGRICULTURAL AND 

CLIMATIC STATISTICS, ROUTES OF TRAVEL BY LAND 

AND SEA, AND GENERAL INFORMATION 



INVALUABI-E TO TUK 



iuDaUb, (liourist or (Jrmioiraut. 



Enlerc-l according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by 

C n AS. D. OWENS, / ^ 

in tho Offlce of the Librarian of Congress, at Wasmngton. 



PUBLISHED BY 

CHAS. D. OWENS. 

NEW YORK. 

1875. 






B.R 



THE 

TO 

Florida and the South, 

OFFEKS NOW 

FIVE nOUTES TO JACKSONVILLE, 

Either one of them better than can be offered by any other Line. 



Route 1. 

Via Washington, Lynchburg, Knoxville, Dalton, Atlanta, Macon and Jesup, 
has only one change of cars between Baltimore and Jacksonville, and makes 
the trip from New York to Jacksonville in 72 hours. 

Route 2. 

Via Washington, Lynchburg, Danville, Charlotte, Columbia, Augusta and 
Savannah is the shortest in miles and avoids all transfers except one in 
Savannah. 

Route 3. 

Via V/ashington, Lynchburg, Danville, Chai-lotte, Columbia, Charleston and 
Savannah gives an opportunity to visit Charleston, and is a very popular route. 

Route 4* 

Via Washington, Lynchburg, Danville, Columbia, Augusta, Yemassee and 
Savannah. 

Route 5» 
Via Washington, Lynchburg, Danville, Augusta, Macon and Jesup. 



PULLMAN PALACE DAY AND NIGHT CARS ON 
ALL THESE ROUTES. 



Baggage checked through, and every comfort of any first-class Line offered. 
Tickets for sale at all oflBices where BMthnore & Ohio and Pennsylvania R. K. 
Tickets are sold. ■ > 

Further information may be obtained of 

G. M. HUNTINGTON, 

rj Q { General Eastern Agent, 

X' \ 349 Broadway, N. Y. 

0?s 



^/ 



c/ /^ 



GUIDE TO AHD THROUGH FLOpA, 



Five years after Christopher Cohimbus first saw land in 
the New World, another navigator, Sebastian Cabot, sailing 
under the English flag, discovered the coast of Florida. 
This v/as in 1497. It was not until the spring of 1512 
that the Europeans, made a permanent landing. A veteran 
cavalier of Spain, Juan Ponce de Leon, impelled by a 
romantic fancy that in the West there existed a fountain 
whose waters restored the aged to perpetual youth, raised 
an expedition of enthusiasts like himself and set sail on 
this wondrous voyage. of discovery. He saw the coast for 
the first time on Easter Sunday, in April, 15 12, which day 
the Spaniards call Pasqua Florida, and because the 
charming country spread before him was fairly radiant 
with wild flowers, he gave it the beautiful name of Florida. 
This landing was made near the site of the present city of 
St. Augustine 

The cavalier's search for the immortal spring was 
fruitless. The Indians harassed and picked off his ban^ 
with poisoned arrows, and he was finally forced to quit 
the country. He carried with him to Cuba a mortal 
wound which caused his death soon after his arrival there. 
A dozen years later Spain again attempted to colonize the 
peninsula. Narvaez was appointed Governor and landed 



4 GUIDF TO FLORIDA. 

with three hundred men. He made no attempt at settle- 
ment however, but wandered off on an exploring expedi- 
tion, and after many hardships, finally reached the far off 
country of the Mexicans. The illustrious Ferdinand de 
Soto, the discoverer of the Mississippi river, followed him 
to Florida. He landed in Tampa Bay with a thousand 
followers, in the spring of 1539. His march through the 
interior was disputed at every step by the aborigines, and 
his little army was so decimated by war, fatigue and sick- 
ness, that when his own body was committed to the bosom 
of the ' ' Father of Waters ' ' two years later, but a third of 
them survived. 

The first actual settlement of Florida was made oy the 
French Huguenots who, under Jean Ribault, attempted to 
plant a colony at the mouth of the St. Johns River in 
1564. This roused the ire of the Spaniards, who claimed 
the country as their own, and an expedition was sent out 
under the command of Don Pedro Menendez to extermi- 
nate the Frenchmen. The Don did his bloody work 
effectually. The little French city was taken by surprise, 
and all of its inhabitants were massacred. Above their 
bodies, v/hich he had suspended from the trees, Menendez 
left this inscription : '' Not because they are Frenchmen, 
but because they are heretics and enemies of God."* But 
vengeance on the cruel Castilians was swift. Three years 
later an expedition under De Gourgues, a Huguenot gen- 
tleman, set sail from France, and landing at St. Augustine, 
which the Spaniards had just built, attacked and took it 
after a severe battle. A portion of the garrison were 
taken to the site of the ruined French settlement on the 
St. Johns, and there hung to the same trees, with this 
inscription over their heads: ''Not because they are 
Spaniards, but because they are traitors, robbers and mur- 
derers. ' ' 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 5 

It was in 1565 that Menendez founded the city of 
St. Augustine, the oldest within the present limits of 
the United States. From this foothold colonies were sent 
out along the coast and into the interior of the province, 
and for an hundred years or more Florida was a growing 
and thriving Spanish colony. The Indians were almost 
uniformly hostile, but the superior civilization prevailed 
over them. Many vestiges of the early Spanish settle- 
ments in the State remain to show what the country was at 
this flourishing era of its history. The period of its deca- 
dence was at the conclusion of the great Continental war 
of 1753-60, when it passed from Spain into the possession 
of Great Britain. In the meantime it had been the scene 
of many conflicts. The English, under Sir Francis Drake, 
attacked and plundered St. Augustine in 1586. It was 
pillaged by the Indians in 161 1, and sacked by the Buc- 
caneers in 1665. Governor Moore, of South Carolina, 
raided into the colony in 1702, and unsuccessful attempts 
were made by the Georgians in 1725, 1740 and 1743 to 
capture and* destroy St. Augustine. 

In 1763 Spain ceded the whole territory of Florida to 
Great Britain. So greatly had its prosperity declined that 
its population did not exceed 600. In 1781, the Spaniards 
captured Pensacola, and three years later, by virtue of the 
treaty of 1784, they resumed jurisdiction over the country. 
During the last war with Great Britain the English troops 
under Col. Nichols occupied Pensacola, but General Jack- 
son appearing before the town, they decamped to their 
fleet. Jackson, while fighting the Indians in 181 8, was so 
affronted by the conduct of the Spanish governor that he 
took possession of Pensacola and sent the Spanish prison- 
ers to Havana. 

The Spanish government recognized ''manifest destiny" 
in 1 819, and consented to the cession of the entire terri- 



6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tory of Florida to the United States. The exchange of 
flags took place in 1821, a territorial government was 
established in 1822, and Florida was admitted as a State 
into the Union in 1845. 

From the time of the cession down almost to our own 
day, there have raged those desolating Indian wars which 
reddened the border settlements with the blood of white 
men, women and children, and made the Everglades re- 
sound with the dying whoop of the hunted Seminole. The 
story of the valor of Coa-cou-chee, of Osceola, and of 
Little Cloud, fighting the last battles of their race for the 
hunting grounds of their ancestors, has passed into poetry 
and romance. 

> Florida, like her sister Southern States, was a battle- 
ground between North and South in the late civil war. 
After the passage of the ordinance of secession in 1861, 
Fort Pickens in Pensacola harbor, was invested by the Con- 
federate troops, and the Navy Yard was occupied.^. < Fer- 
nandina and St. Augustine were captured by Admiral 
Dupont's fleet in 1862. The following month the United 
States forces occupied Jacksonville, and the Confederate 
authorities abandoned nearly the whole of Northern and 
Western Florida, including Pensacola, and withdrew their 
army into Georgia. The year 1864 was characterized by 
raids on both sides. General Birney penetrated to Trent 
Creek, and the Confederate salt v/orks at Ocala were de- 
stroyed. In February of this year General Trueman Sey- 
mour marched westward with a large body of United 
States troops, and at Olustee was disastrously defeated by 
the Confederate army under General Joseph Finegan. 
He retreated with a loss of 1200 men, leaving his dead 
and wounded on the field ; and during the remaining 
months of the war the Federals were on the defensive. 

.After the surrender of General Tee, at Appomattox, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 7 

Virginia, the people of Florida abandoned further re- 
sistance, and the State was duly reconstructed by Con- 
gress. 



The State of Florida extends from the parallel of 31° 
North latitude to 25° North latitude, and lies within 80° 
and 88° West longitude from Greenwich. It is in the 
same latitude with the Desert of Sahara, Southern China 
and Northern Mexico, but its comparative degree of heat 
is not accurately indicated by its latitude, for it is isother- 
mal with the Bermudas, Egypt, Northern Hindostan, 
Southern California and Louisiana. Moreover, lying 
between the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream, its main 
portion is fanned by ocean breezes which materially modify 
the temperature. 

The shape of the State has been likened to that of a 
boot; the foot part being Northern Florida, and the leg 
being the peninsula. The first extends about 350 miles 
from East to West, and the peninsula 400 miles from North 
to South, and ninety miles, on the average, from East to 
West. The Gulf Stream skirts the Eastern coast about 
300 miles. The State contains 59,868 square miles, or 
37,931,520 acres, and is therefore a little larger than 
Georgia, Illinois or Michigan, and almost as large as the 
New England States or the ignited kingdoms of Portugal, 
Belgium and the Netherlands. The extent of her coast 
line is rather extraordinary. It is not less than 1,100 miles ; 
a distance nearly equal to that from Portland, Maine, to 
Jacksonville, Florida, in a straight line. 

The surface of the eastern section of the State is gener- 
ally level. In Western Florida it is rolling or hilly. The 



8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

extreme southern part is covered with swamps. The coast 
is indented with thousands of bays and inlets formed by 
the jutting of the land, and by innumerable islands. The 
principal rivers are the Apalachicola, which has its source 
in the mountains of Upper Georgia ; the beautiful Suwanee, 
in Middle Florida ; the Withlacoochee, the Ocklawha and 
the Indian River, in Southern Florida. The great stream 
of the State, however, is the magnificent St. Johns, which 
rises in the Everglades, and winds northward a distance of 
four hundred miles until it empties into the Atlantic Ocean 
below Jacksonville. 

The peninsula ig filled with beautiful lakes, some of them 
being navigable for large steamers, and one of them, Lake 
Okeechobee, in the Everglades, being fully forty miles 
long and thirty miles wide. The lake scenery, in the 
neighborhood of the upper waters of the St. John, is un- 
surpassed in loveliness. Several of the larger bays on the 
coast deserve notice. Tampa Bay, Apalachee Bay and Pen- 
sacola Bay, are broad and deep enough to float navies. 
The State abounds in remarkable mineral springs. The 
Wakulla River rises about ten miles northwest of St. Marks 
from one of them. < ^The water is moderately cold and 
highly impregnated with lime. From the big spring of 
Chipola bursts a furious river ; Silver Spring, in Marion 
County, is a basin of surpassingly clear and deep water. 
The Sulphur Springs of- the Suwanee are a curiosity, and 
enjoy a local reputation for cm-ing rheumatism, dyspepsia 
and other kindred diseases. Springs of salt water are 
not uncommon in the interior. 

Scientists say that the geological formation of Florida is 
of comparatively recent origin. The opinion of one of 
them, relative to the peninsula, is expressed in this lan- 
guage : '^The whole peninsula has been formed by the 
successive growth of coral reefs added concentrically from 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



North to South to the first deposits, while the accumula- 
tion between these reefs has been a mixture of coral and 
fragments of shells, the coral prevailing in some parts, as 
in the regions of the Everglades, and in other portions, 
especially the Northern and Eastern, the shell." Agassiz 
assumes, of the lower half of the peninsula, " that if the 
growth be one foot in a century from a depth of seventy- 
five feet, and that each successive reef has added ten miles 
of extent southward, it would have required, on this com- 
putation, 135,000 years to have formed the southern half 
uf the peninsula." The upper part of Florida is, of course, 
much older. 




Bupei Brok 



Palmetto Tree, 



lo GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



Florida undoubtedly possesses the most equable and 
salubrious climate, all the year round, of any State in the 
Union. The thermometer seldom rises above 90° in the 
summer, nor falls below 30° in the winter. The summer 
may be said to be seven months long, but the heat is not 
intense. This is attributable in a great degree to the 
circumstance that the peninsula is fanned on the East by 
the Atlantic breezes, and on the West by those of the 
Gulf of Mexico, both of which can be sensibly felt in the 
middle of the State. 

The winter in Florida resembles very much the season 
known in more northern latitudes as the '^ Indian Summer. ' ' 
The climate of Florida, however, has the additional ad- 
vantage of being more dry and elastic. Rain falls rarely 
during the winter months. Five out of six days are bright 
and cloudless, and of the most agreeable temperature. In 
Southern Florida frost very rarely appears. Even as far 
north as the Suwanee River there are generally but two or 
three nights in a whole winter when ice as thick as a half 
dollar is found. A consequence of the evenness of the 
temperature is the very delightful salubrity of the nights 
in the sultriest season of the year, by which the body is 
refreshed, the sleep rendered sound, and the natural facul- 
ties are restored to vigor. 

The following tables show the range of the thermometer 
throughout the year in Florida, and the evenness of the 
temperature as compared with that of given points in the 
Northern States. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. ii 

Observations made at Jacksonville during the six months 
ending April 30th, 1874; showing the highest and lowest 
ranges of the barometer and thermometer during each 
month, the total rainfall, the number of rainy days, and the 
prevailing wind. (Furnished by Richard McLaughlin, Esq. ) 



Month. 


BAROMETER. 


1 THERMOMETER. 










Highest 


Lowest 


jHighest Lowest. Mean. 


r«5^«« 


l^ 


November, 1873 


30.437 


29.374 


1 83 


30 


59 


i 2.88 j 8 


sw 


December, " 


30.480 


29.643 


1 79 


32 


56 


i 3.38 7 


N 


January, 1874 


30.653 


29.810 1 


77 


35 


55 


! .82 


7 


N 


February, " 


30.362 


29.845 i 


81 


37 


58 


i 7.33 


12 


NE 


March, 


30.335 


29.761 1 


87 


37 


66 


2.13 j 7 


SW 


April, " 


30.370 


. 29.708 1 


91 


42 


70 


, 1.60 


6 


SW 



It is proper to observe that there is a marked difference 
in the theometric range at Enterprise, two hundred miles 
south of Jacksonville, the temperature being much more 
even. 



The following is a comparative table, showi^ig the monthly 
and yearly mean of twenty years at St. Augustine, of 
thi7'ty-one years at West Point, aiid of thirty five years 
at Fort Snelling, Mijin. : 





Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apl.JMay 


Jun. 


July 


Aug 


Sep. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


YBAB. 


St. Augustine, 
Fla , . . 


57.03 


.59.94 


63.34 


68.78 


73.50 


79.36 


80.90 


80.5r, 


78.00 


71.88 


64.12 


57.26 


69.61 


West Point, 
N. Y. . 


28.28 


23.80 


37.63 


48.70 


59.82 


68.41 


73.75 


71.83 


64.31 


53.04 


42.23 


31.98 


50.73 


Ft. Snelling, 
Minn. . 


13.76 


17.57 


31.41 


56.34 


58.97 


68.46 


73.40 


70.05 


58.86 


47.15 


31.67 


16.89 


46.54 



12 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

V 

In Florida an extraordinary variety of valuable produc- 
tions are successfully cultivated. Lying as it does partly 
within the temperate zone and partly within the semi- 
tropical regions, within its limits may be seen flourishing 
most of the vegetation familiar to the soil of the Middle 
and Western States, together with the fruits of the West 
Indies. At least one-fourth of the entire area of the State 
is south of the line of frost, and will grow successfully the 
orange, the lemon, the citron, the grape fruit, the banana, 
the pine-apple, and the cocoa-nut. Most of the tropical 
trees and shrubs grow spontaneously. ' Tobacco, sugar and 
hemp have been cultivated to some extent, and can be 
made very valuable productions if systematically treated. 
The yield of sugar is much more to the acre than in Louis- 
iana. Cotton has hitherto been the leading staple. In- 
dian corn has been largely raised, but not in sufficient 
quantities to supply the home demand. Within a few 
years the raising of early vegetables for the Northern trade 
has been commenced, with great success, on the St. Johns 
River, and along the railroads. Among the vegetables 
which are readily grown and bring remunerative prices, 
are tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, green peas, beans, cab- 
bages, turnips, beets, squashes, onions, asparagus, and 
sweet and Irish potatoes. Wheat has been partially culti- 
vated in the northern part of the State. The Ramie plant 
has just been introduced, and it is believed will become 
an important staple. Arrowroot, indigo, the castor bean, 
can be raised without difficulty. The large growth of the 
Mulberry renders the conditions favorable to the produc- 
tion of the silk worm. There is no reason why tea and 
coffee cannot be cultivated, as the climate and soil are 
especially adapted to the purpose. Of the fruits other 
than tropical, the peach, grape, fig, pomegranate and plum 
ape produced. Berries grow profusely. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 13 

Florida is tlie best timbered State in tlie Union. Over 
30,000,000 of acres are covered with heavy forests. The 
business of cutting and shipping hmiber is large and in- 
creasing. Florida also exports naval stores, and at Key 
West there are extensive salt works. Further remarks on 
the soil and productiveness of the State will be found in 
the paragraphs devoted to the advantages of Florida for 
immitrrants. 



According to the census of 1870 the population of Flor^ 
ida aggregates 187,748; of which 96,057 are whites and 
91,689 blacks. This shows a proportion of a fraction ovei 
three inhabitants to the square mile; a density about 
equal to that of the States of Kansas and Texas. The 
population of the State in i860 was 140,123, so that in 
spite of the ravages caused by the civil war, the increase 
in ten years has been 47,625, or thirty-four per cent. 

vThe leading cities and towns in the State are Jackson- 
ville with a population of 13,000, Fernandina with 2,500, 
Tallahassee with 2,500, St. Augustine with 2,000 Lake 
City with 2,000, Pensacola with 2.000, Gainesville with 
1,500, Key West with 3,000 ; Palatka with 1,000, Quincy 
with 800, and Apalachicola with 1,000. 

The seat of government is at Tallahassee. The new 
constitution, adopted by the people and approved by 
Congress in 1868, vests the executive power in a Cover- . 
nor, who is elected for four years. He is assisted in his 
deliberations by a Cabinet, composed of the principal 
officers in the State, viz : the Secretary of State, the 
Attorney-General, tlie Comptroller, the State Treasurer, 
the Surveyor - General, the Superintendent of Instruc- 



14- GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tion and the Commissioner of Immigration. This is a 
novel feature in the framework of a State government, but 
was suggested by the success of the arrangement in the 
Federal system. The legislative power is vested in a 
Senate and Assembly. The former consists of twenty- 
four members, elected for four years ; the latter of fifty- 
three members, elected for two years. The judicial pow- 
er is vested in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County 
Courts and Justices of the Peace. The Judges of the Su- 
preme Court are appointed for life, of the Circuit Courts 
for eight years, and of the County Courts for four years. 
The election for State and County Officers and Members 
of the Legislature takes place the first Tuesday after the 
first Monday in November. Annual Sessions of the Legis- 
lature are held, beginning on the first Tuesday after the 
first Monday in January. i 

The present State government (1875-6) is as follows : 

Governor, - - - M. L. Stearns. 

Lieutenant-Governor, 

Secretary of State, - - S. B. McLin. 

Comptroller. - - - C. A. Cowgill. 

Treasurer, - . _ c. H. Foster. 

Attorney- General, - - Wm. A. Cocke. 

Commissioner of Immigra- ) -t) -p ^ ^sj 



tion. 



Superintendent of Public ) j q Qjpgg 
Instruction, 






At the last Presidential election in the State (1872) the 
vote was as follows : Grant, 17,765 ; Greeley, 15,428; Re- 
publican majority, 2,337. The Republicans elected two 
majority in the State Senate, and three majority in the 
House of Representatives. 

Florida, though one of the first-settled countries on this 
continent, has really all the characteristics of a new State. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 15 

Its scanty population has been scattered over a territory 
of nearly 60,000 square miles, and has heretofore been en- 
gaged almost wholly in agriculture. The social conveni- 
ences and advantages enjoyed in the thickly-settled States 
further North must not, therefore, be expected here. But 
immigration is pouring in and the State is rapidly im- 
proving. Schools and churches are to be found in all the 
towns and villages throughout the State, and a new sys- 
tem of public education has been provided for in the new 
constitution. In reference to the feeling of the old inhab- 
itants towards new comers, the State Commissioner of Im- 
migration, Mr. Adams, (himself a Nortjiern man) writes : 
''In our correspondence the question is often asked: 
' Is it safe for a Northern man to come to Florida ? ' The 
answer is : That there is no sort of danger whatever. The 
immigrant of good character and habits will be readily 
received by all. . Southern men and women are not su- 
per-human, and cannot be expected suddenly to absolve 
themselves from the domination of those trains of political 
thought and those prevalent social notions that have ruled 
them for years, or to sympathize at once with the political 
ideas of a triumphant radicalism, j But the whole popula- 
tion of the State is becoming rapidly convinced that 
'men, money and labor,' are to be watch-words in the 
success of the future of Florida. * * * Indeed, any 
good citizen that proposes to pay special attention to his 
own affairs, will be welcomed by all, and this without any 
sacrifice of principle or any abridgment of his rights of 
free thought and free speech. Northern men and women, 
who may come and persist in associating exclusively with 
each other, and sequester themselves diligently from all 
social intercourse with old residents, will be allowed thus 
to indulge their social predilections without let or hin- 
drance. ' ' 



6 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

The All-Rail Routes. 



Visitors to Florida, going thither by rail, make Savannah 
the first objective point. From N. Y. by the N. Y. and 
Phila. R. R., running through trains — to which are attached 
cars having all modern improvements — to Baltimore, Wash- 
ington and Richmond. From Baltimore, via Bay Line of 
Stea??iers to Portsmouth, Va., and thence by Rail, or from 
Washington, via All Rail and Va. Midland to Lynchburg, 
Danville and the South; or, via Potomac River and R. F. 
& P. R. R. to Richmond, and thence via Piedmont Air 
Line to Charlotte, Augusta and the South. There is also 
the "Atlantic Coast Line," via Petersburg, Wilmington and 
Charleston. 

Travelers from points North and West of the Ohio 
River will find at the Railroad Ticket Offices in all of the 
principal cities schedules, giving the distances and time to 
Charleston, Savannah and Florida. 

From Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Toledo, Detroit, 
places on Lake Erie and Michigan, and points North and 
East of Louisville, the ^' Short Line " is via Louisville and 
Nashville R. R. From St. Louis, and points North and 
West, the most direct routes are via the St. Louis and Iron 
.Mountain R. R., and St. Louis & S. E. R. 

Excursion Tickets at reduced rates can be purchased at 
all the principal cities of the Union. Drawing Room and 
Palace Sleeping Cars are attached to all Through Trains. 
Schedules of the different routes will be found on advertise- 
ment pages elsewhere, 



i6» 

Directory of Eoutes of Travel, Hotels, Etc. 

RAILROADS. 

Atlantic Coast Line I02 

Atlantic & Gulf. 105 and 4th page cover, 

Baltimore & Ohio 109 

Erie Railway 87 

Jacksonville, Pensacola & Mobile Railroad 3d page cover. 

Magnolia Passenger Route 104 

Piedmont Air Line 2d page cover. 

Savannah & Charleston 103 

Virginia Midland 2 

STEAMSHIPS. 

New York & Savannah Line 21 

New York& Charleston Line 106 

New York & Fernandina Line 100 

New York, Savannah & Nassau loi 

Boston & Savannah Line 22 

New Orleans, Florida & Havana 107 

St. Marks, Pensacola & New Orleans 98 

HOTELS. 

Pavilion, Charleston 99 

Charleston, '* (A. Butterfield, Ticket Agent) 93 

Pavilion, Savannah 98 

Royal Victoria, Nassau, N. P 92 

Highland Park, Aiken, N. C 113 

St. James, Jacksonville 112 

St. Augustine 88 

St. John's, Palatka 97 

YACHTS and SAILING VESSELS. 

Eleanor, Charleston 94 

Evans, Ball & Co no 

WINTER RESORTS. 

Aiken, S. C i6b 

Onoro 96 

EXCURSION TOURS. 

Cook, Son & Jenkins ,.,., 108 

PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS. 

Wilson & Havens 95 

FLORIDA CURIOSITIES. 

A, Desbouillons, Savannah 96 

MISCELLANEOUS. . . 

Mrs. J. Neubeck, Palatka ...,. '...■.•.'J.'X..' 95 

John Thompson, Palatka ...; 95" 

P. Lindenstruth, Savannah '. 97 

A. C. Hughey, Mellonvllle 6i: 

Orange Bitters iii 

Milit?ry Academy U4 



i6^ 

AlKES is a thriving village o/ 2,000 inhabitajits, situ- 
ated oil the South Carolina Railroad, 120 miles north-west 
of Charleston, and 17 miles south-east of Augusta. 

It loas incorporDted before the war, and is governed hy 
an Intendant and six wardens. Occupying one of the 
most commanding positions in the State, being 600 feet 
above tide water, and 400 feet above {the Savannah River 
at) Augusta, it has been aptly called the " Village ofHdJs.^^ 

Immense forests of pine surround it on all sides, and 
these yield an aroma, which, with the dry invigorating air, 
and the equable climate, have rendered Aiken a very favor- 
ably Jcnoion winter resort for i7ivalids. 

The main thoroughfare, ccdled Park Avenue, extends, 
with an even ^oidth of IbO feet, for over one mile, and from 
this at right angls branch the streets, all laid out with a 
width of \bO feet. Tiiere are seven churches: Episcopal, 
Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Roman Catholic, and 
two colored denominations. A hall known as the Lyceum, 
seating 400 people, is much used during winter for prio ate 
theatri'ial entertainments. The chief hotel of Aiken is the 
Highland Park Hotel, situated one-hcdf mile from depot, 
at the 'west etid of Park Aveiiue, on an elevated plateau. 
From this point, beyond the encircling forests of pine, may 
be seen the cotton factories of Graniteville and Langley, 
and the paper mills and kaolin quarries of Bath. This 
hotel offers every comfort and luxury to be desired with a 
winter home. Beside this, are the Aiken Hotel, opposite the 
depot, and many first-class boarding houses. Four trains 
are run daily between Augusta and Charleston, and accom- 
modation trains are run between Aiken and Augusta. 
Through trains cofinect at Graniteville with traifis on the 
Smith Carolina Railroad. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 
Through Tickets For Sale at 



JBOSTOW— 205, 222, 228, 232, 219 Washington St.; 3 Old State House; 15 United 
States Hotel Block, opposite B. & A. R. R. Depot ; at offices of all New 
York Lines, and at all the Principal Railroad Ticket Offices in the East. 

NEW YORK— 229, 261, 315,526 Broadway; Nos. 1 and 9 Aster House; at 
the offices of the New York Transfer Co., 944 Broadway, and at offices of 
Pennsylvania R. R. Co., foot of Cortlandt and Desbrosses Sts.; Dodd's Ex- 
press, No. 4 Court St., Brooklyn, and at Jersey City Depot. 

PHILADELiFmA— No. 700, 732 and 838 Chestnut Street; S. E. cor. 
Broad and Chestnut Sts., and at I'hiladelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore 
R. R. Depot, cor. Broad and Prime Streets. 

BAIiTIMOitE— S. E. comer West Baltimore and Calvert Sts. ; 9 German 
St. ; N. E. corner West Baltimore and Calvert Sts. ; 157 Baltimore Street ; 
at Camden Station, Baltimore & Ohio R. R. ; Baltimore & Potomac R. R.; 
also, at Niagara Falls, Canandaigua, Elmira, Syracuse, Buffalo, and all in- 
termediate points on Northern Central R. R. 

WASHIJVGTON— 603 Pennsylvania Avenue ; corner of Sixth Street and 
Pennsylvania Avenue ; corner of Thirteenth Street and Pennsylvania Ave- 
nue; Depot Alexandria and Fredericksburg Railway; on Board Potomac 
Steamers, foot of Seventh Street. 



By Sea to Florida. 

From New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore. 
By Steamship to Savannah, and thence to Florida. Also 
from New York by Steamship direct to Fernandina. 

The Sea Routes from New York, via Savannah, consist 
of three lines of commodious and well appointed Steamers. 
The Zeo and Cleopatra^ of Murray, Ferris & Go's Line, sail 
from Pier i6 East River, alternately on Tuesdays. The 
Steamships Herman Livingston, Genl. Barnes, Sa7i Jacinto 
and San Salvador, of the Empire Line, from Pier 43 North 
River, on Thursdays and Saturdays, W. R. Garrison, Agent, 
No. 5 Bowling Green ; and the Steamships Tybee and Ash- 
land, of the Black Star Line, also leave Pier 12 North 
River, every Saturday. Robt. Lowden, Agent, 93 West 
Street. 



i8 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

The New York and Charleston Line of Steamships, 
composed of staunch and favorite vessels, thoroughly sea- 
worthy and well appointed in every respect, consisting of 
the City of Atlanta^ Manhattan^ South Cai^olina, Champion^ 
Georgia and Charleston^ sell Through Tickets to all points 
in Florida. Their sailing days are Wednesdays and Satur- 
days, from Pier 29 North River. Jas. W. Quintard & Co., 
Agents. 

The Florida Line of Steamships for Fernandina, Fla., 
and Port Royal, S. C, comprises the superior Steamers 
Himtsville and Montgouiery. Sailing every Thursday from 
Pier 3 North River. Herm. Gelpcke, Agent, No. 5 Wil- 
liam Street, N. Y. By this route passengers stop over for 
a day at Port Royal, visit Beaufort and other points, reach- 
ing Fernandina next morning. 

By Sea, from Boston. 

The Boston and Savannah S. S. Co. dispatch the new and 
elegant Steamers Seminole and Oriental as advertised in 
daily papers of Boston and Savannah. Through Tickets to 
all points in Florida sold by F. Nickerson & Co., Agents, 
205 State Street, Boston. 

By Sea, from Philadelphia. 

The Philadelphia and Southern Mail Steamship Co. have 
a weekly line to Savannah, leaving every Saturday, from 
Queen Street Wharf The Wyoming and Juniata are noted 
as first-class vessels. Through Tickets sold to all points in 
Florida and the interior of Georgia and Alabama. W. L. 
James, Agent, 416 South Delaware Street, Philadelphia. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 19 

By Sea, from Baltimore. 

• 

The Baltimore and Savannah Steamship Company dis- 
patch, at intervals of five days, one of their thoroughly sea- 
worthy and commodious Steamers to Savannah. The Line 
is extremely well managed, and the America, Falcon and 
Saragossa are commanded by experienced and able officers. 
Through Tickets to all points in Florida and the interior are 
sold by the Agent, John R. Gould, Union Dock, Baltimore. 

From Charleston and Savannah to Florida. 

The traveler has choice of routes from Charleston. First, 
via All Rail by way of the Savannah and Charleston Rail- 
road to Savannah, and thence, without change of cars, via 
the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, to Live Oak, Florida, at 
which point he connects with the Florida network of rail- 
roads, and is thus brought in close railway or steamboat 
communication with all the principal points in the State. 
The Express trains of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad leave 
Savannah daily at 8.30 a.m. and 3.30 p.m., on the arrival of 
trains from Charleston. The conductors on the route are 
courteous and attentive, and to the night train Pullman 
Palace and Sleeping Coaches are attached. Drawing 
Room Cars, especially adapted for invalids, accompany 
the day trains. Connection is made with all Northern in- 
ward trains, and with M. & B. trains at Jesup. A good meal 
can be obtained en route at the Yemassee eating-house. 
Passengers reach Jacksonville at 10.15 p.m. and 8.00 a.m. 

Or, Second, by Steamers, making a short stop at Savan- 
nah, thence running to Jacksonville. 



20 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

F&Qmum wMQm Mmw &mMM^M&. 

Florida can also be reached from New Orleans by 
Steamers of the New Orleans, Florida and Havana S. S. 
Co., which touch at Cedar Keys, en route to Key West 
and Havana. Northern visitors to Florida, who wish to 
return home either by the v.'ay cf Ilavana or tl.e Missis- 
sippi River can avail themselves of lh".i convenient route, 
embarking at Cedar Keys. I. K. Robert;-, Ageut New 
Orleans, Florida and Havana S. G Co.; New Orleans, La. 



It has been well said that no part of the United States 
can furnish a more exciting and agreeable winter hunting- 
ground than Indian River and the Gulf Coast. Turkeys, 
Ducks, Squirrels, Deer and Bear are to be found through- 
out the State. The hunter in the Indian river region 
" may comfortably camp out, month after month, with a 
single blanket, taking as he needs his sweet potatoes from 
the ground, and the orange, lemon and banana from the 
plantations along the route, and in the continuous sunshine 
of an unending spring surfeit himself with the pursuit of 
game." 

In the rivers and bays of Florida the lover of angling 
will fiiid his real paradise. They literally swarm with 
valuable fish. Mullet, Bass, Sheepshead, Trout, Perch — 
salt water and fresh — and innumerable other varieties 
abound. The fish caught in the Lower St. Johns will run 
from one to forty pounds in weight. Lakes Harney and 
Jessup are abundantly stocked with fish of excellent 
quality, which are easily caught with nets, hooks or spears. 



s@^ Excursion Tickets to Florida. ,^9 

New York and Savannali StGamship Line 




Making close connections ^^^th the Atlantic an-l Gulf L 
Florida, and via Central R. R. and Atlantic and Gulf R. K., to 



poinf- in 
points in 



GEORGIA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, TENNESSEE and LOUISIANA. 

The i)assenger accommodations of these Steamers are not surpassed by those 
of any Line out of New Yorlv. 

FOUR STEAMERS PER WEEK. 

TUESDAYS. THURSDAYS and SATURDAYS 

PASSAGE KATES, including Meals and Staterooms on Steamers, 
between New York and Savannah. 

SAVANNAH. $20.00. 

Jacksonville, Fla,. $2T 75 

Fernandina, Fla 27 75 

Picolata, Fla 29 25 

Green Cove Springs. .... 29 25 

Hibernia, Fla 29 25 

Orange Mills, Fla 30 25 

Monticello, Fla 3U 50 

Quinc#% Fla 31 50 

Atlanta, Ga 27 50 

Albany, Ga 31 50 

Selma,Ala 35 00 

Mobile, Ala 41 00 

N ew Orleans, La 47 50 



St. Aueustine, Fla $31 25 

Palatka, Fla 30 25 

Enterprise, Fla 36 25 

Gainesville, Fla 30 25 

Lake City, Fla BO 25 

Madison, Fla 30 25 

Tallahassee, Fla 30 75 

Macon, Ga 28 75 

Eufaula, Ala 32 00 

Montgomery, Ala 35 00 

Chattanooga, Tenn 30 00 

Rome,Ga 32 25 



Eveiy TUESDAY, from Pier 16, E.R. 

foot of Wall St. 

MURRAY'S LINE. 

L El O ! Cleopatra 

Murray, Fer is & Co., Agents, 
61 «fc 62 South St." 



Every THURSDAY, Pier 8, N. R. 
EMPIRE LINE. 

H. Livingston | Gen. Barnes 

Wm. R. Garrison, Agent, 
No. 5 Bowling Green. 



Every SATURDAY, from Pier 8, 

North River. 

EMPIRE LINE. 

San Salvador ] San Jacinto 

Wm. R. Garrison, Agent, 

No. 5 Bowling Green. 

Every SATURDAY, Pier 12, N. R. 
BLACK STAR LINE. 

TYBEE I ASHLAND 

R. Lowden, Agent, 

No. 93 West Street. 



CEO. YONGE, Agent, 

Centi R.R, of Georgia, 409 Broadway. 



C. D. OWENS, Agent, 

Atlantic & Gulf R.R., 229 Broadway. 



Florida Excursion Tickets. 



hk ad Smmli liiwia Liie. 




CONNECTING WITH THE 



CENTRAL RAILROAD OF GEORGIA, 
ATLANTIC & GULF RAILROAD, 



FLORIDA STEAMERS. 



Sailing from BOSTON and SAVANNAH as advertised in Boston and Savannah 
papers. 
For further information, apply to 

WM. H. RING, 

18 T Wharf, Boston. 



p. NICKERSON & CO, 

Agents. 



RICHARDSON & BARNARD, 
Savannah, Ga. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



23 



Alligator hunting is a sport peculiar to these southern 
latitudes and can be enjoyed to perfection along the 
rivers, lakes and lagoons of Florida. It takes a practiced 
eye to detect an alligator, for it closely resembles a rotten 
log, half-submerged and motionless. Shooting the alliga- 
tor from the decks of the river steamers is a common 
enough custom, but the real alligator hunt is to be had on 
the upper lakes where they swarm in almost countless 
numbers. Hunting parties for Lake Harney are made up 
at Enterprise, on the Upper St. Johns. The expense is 
not much and the amusement prodigious. 




*?; V r^'^fM'^^H^y^^^^^^c:':}^^^ 




St. Augustine, 



The antiquarian and enthusiast in historical research 
will find abundant material of interest in the visible traces 
of the Spanish occupation of two and three centuries ago. 
Remains of ancient cities, forts, breastworks, churches, 
and roads may be found, sometimes when least expected, 
in the midst of dense forests which have grown up and 
covered the vestiges of the early civilization. St. Augustine 



24 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

the oldest city on the North American continent, is unsur- 
passed in interest to the antiquarian. The battle fields 
of the later Indian wars also have a peculiar attractive- 
ness. Here the tourist may study the historic spots illus- 
trated by the valor and genius of Jackson, Taylor and 
Worth. )The State of Florida offers rare opportunities 
for study to the students in Geology and Botany. The 
former have an interesting and important subject for in- 
vestigation in the extraordinary coral formation of the 
peninsula; the latter in the wonderful and varied growth 
of floral and other vegetation. Several professors of 
Natural History from Northern institutions of learning 
were in Florida last year, collecting specimens of insects, 
birds, fishes and beasts. There are several excellent tax- 
idermists in Savannah who make a business of preparing 
specimens for naturalists. 

There are those to whom field and water sports are un- 
interesting. They travel for a love of change merely, or 
to behold the beautiful and novel in nature or to enjoy 
idleness — as a relaxation from severe and unremitting 
labor. The soft, balmy air, the clear, blue sky, the genial, 
though never enervating warmth, the tropical richness of 
the verdure, the bright-plumaged birds filling the forests 
with their music, the placid, transparent lakes and river 
scenery of unsurpassed loveliness, fulfil all the conditions 
required by this class of tourists. No American need 
seek an Italy across the waters when one lies here, almost 
within a day's travel. 



^^^ 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 25 



For more than a century Florida has been a resort for 
invalids from all parts of the world and particularly for 
those afflicted with pulmonary complaints. The dryness, 
evenness and salubrity of the climate are a most delightful 
and health-restoring change from the piercing winds and 
frigid temperature of the Northern, Middle and Western 
States in the winter. That many consumptives who have 
come to Florida die of the disease is true, but it is equally 
certain that they had postponed their visit until it was 
beyond the power of any climatic change to effect a cure. 
But there are thousands of persons threatened with the 
consumptive's death who have recovered their health in 
Florida, or at least have lengthened their days not un- 
pleasantly. 

It is estimated that at least forty thousand people visited 
Florida last winter, of whom about a fourth were invalids. 
The many beautiful villages and landings on the St. 
Johns River, as far up as Enterprise, were crowded with 
these seekers for renewed life and health. St. Augustine 
and the Indian river country, on the Atlantic coast, were 
also filled with visitors of the same character. Among 
these were not only people troubled with lung diseases, 
but those who were suffering from nervous complaints and 
from physical and mental prostration. Many were over- 
worked business men from the great cities of the North 
and West, who sought this delicious and invigorating 
mode of recuperation. 

^The mildness of the atmosphere in winter permits much 
exercise in the open air. It is not uncommon for the 
native ladies to walk late in the moonlight evenings 
covered, as to the head, only with a lace veil. Some 
nights are damp and chilly, particularly in the Northern 



20 GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 

parts of the State, and a little fire is comfortable ; but 
usually, throughout the winter, the inhabitants sit without 
a fire and with open doors and windows. These remarks 
are not intended to convey the idea that caution as to 
clothing can be neglected by the invalid. A writer on 
this point saj^s : ''As a rule, invalids should not expose 
themselves to the night air nor be tempted on warm, bright 
days to lay aside thick shoes and comfortable clothing. 
The invalid should always be clad in woolen clothing, and 
the robust do not require a linen suit except in the summer 
months." 

Statistics testify to the healthfulness of Florida. Not- 
withstanding the fact that so many thousands of consump- 
tives resort to the State for relief, the proportion of deaths 
from pulmonary complaints in it is less than in any other 
State in the Union. 

The census of 1870 showed that these deaths were as 
follows : 

Massachusetts, _ . - one in 283 

Maine, - - - - " 315 

Vermont, - . _ . " 463 

New York, . . - - " 379 

Pennsylvania, - - . - *' 470 

Ohio, '^507 

California, - - - " 450 

Virginia, -----'' 5^5 
Indiana, - - - - " 599 

Illinois, - - - - '' 698 

Florida, . - . . '^ 1,433 

There is a wide-sprcud misapprehension respecting the 
malarial character of the interior of Florida. It is sup- 
posed that in some parts the air is charged with the most 
poisonous and noxious vapors arising from the swamp 
lands, and that fevers are common in consequence of it. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 27 

It is true that there is much swampy land in the State, 
and that wherever there is a dense vegetable growth accom- 
panied by decomposition, malarious diseases arise, but in 
this case, the magnificent breezes, which sweep across the 
country, clear the atmosphere and purge it of its evil 
humors. All fevers in Florida assume a much milder 
type than in other sections where they are prevalent. 
Surgeon-General Lawson, of the United States Army, in 
his report explicitly asserts this. He says that statistics 
show *' that the ratio of deaths to the number of cases of 
remittent fever has been much less among the troops serv- 
ing there than in any other portion of the United States. 
In the Middle Division the proportion is i death to 36 
cases of remittent fever ; in the Northern Division, i to 
52 j in the Southern Division, i to 54 ; in Texas, i in 78 ; 
in California, i in 122 ; in New Mexico, i in 148^ while 
in Florida it is i in 287. 

The remedial character of the springs, which abound in 
every part of the State, must not be overlooked. Some 
are known to be highly beneficial to rheumatic and dys- 
peptic patients. A reference to the index of this work 
will give inquirers the location of several of the best 
esteemed spas in the State. 



28 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

The Legislature of Florida has taken active measures-: 
to induce immigrants, from the North and West and fromi 
Europe, to settle in the State. A Department of Immigra- 
tion has been established in connection with the State 
Government ; the officer is styled Commissioner of Immi- 
gration, and he is a member of the Governor's Cabinet. 
The Bureau furnishes, upon application, all the informa- 
tion an intending settler may desire about the price, 
character and situation of lands and the means of getting 
to them 

It may be succinctly said that the inducements to immi- 
gration to Florida consist in the cheapness of the lands, 
ease of tillage, wide scope of crops, heavy profits and 
healthfulness of climate. The lands of the State are 
classified as swamp lands, high and low hummock and 
pine. The first are the most durably rich lands in the 
Union. Ditching is indispensable in preparing them for 
profitable cultivation ; then they produce a succession of 
luxuriant crops with the most wonderful vigor. They 
are especially adapted for sugar, and have been known to 
yield four hogsheads to the acre, which is more than twice 
the average of Louisiana productiveness. There is at least 
a million of acres of this land vacant in Florida, most of 
which can be bought of the State for less than two dollars 
per acre. 

The characteristic of the hammock, as distinguished 
from the pine land, is, that it is covered with a growth of 
underbrush, while the latter is open. Whenever the land 
is not so low as to be called a swamp and produces an 
undergrowth of shrubbery, it is called hammock. These 
lands stud the pine forests every few miles and vary in 
extent from twenty acres to forty thousand acres. The 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 29 

low hummocks require a little ditching, and are adapted 
to the growth of the cane. The high hummocks are 
composed of very rich soil and produce, with very little 
cultivation, all the crops of the country. They require 
no other preparation than clearing and ploughing, and 
are the lands most sought after by new settlers ; the price 
varies from 25 cents to $25.00 per acre, according to 
location. 

The pine lands are generally cleared by girdling the 
trees and cutting away the underbrush. The following 
year nothing remains but the trunks and dry branches 
which offer no further impediment to the rays of the sun. 
The fertility of what is denominated " first-rate pine " is 
remarkable. Some districts have yielded during fourteen 
years of successive cultivation, without the aid of manure, 
400 pounds of Sea Island Cotton to the acre. The poorer 
classes of pine lands are valuable for the raising of Sisal 
hemp. They afford an excellent range for cattle, and are 
worth still more for their timber and naval stores. Prices 
of '' first-rate pine" land varies from 25 cents to ^"10 
per acre, according to location. 

^Unimproved lands on the St. Johns River can be had 
at from ^5 to ;^i5 ; and improved lands in the same 
locality at from $20 to $;^o. Plantations in other parts 
of the'State, partially cleared and having some improve- 
ments, such as buildings and fences, are worth from $;^ to 
$10 per acre. Lands, having orange groves in bearing, 
are from ;^5o to ^250 per acre. On account of the genial 
climate, the finished, compactly-built dwelling-houses of 
the more rigorous North are not required. Less expen- 
sive buildings, the cost being not more than from ^200 
to $500, will answer every purpose of health and comfort. 

The extraordinary variety of crops suitable to the 
soil of Florida is alluded to on another page. Many of 



30 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

them, with much less of the cost and hard labor expended 
in other farming sections of th^ Union, can be made 
exceedingly profitable. For settlers of small means the 
early vegetable cultivation and the raising of fruit make 
handsome returns, and for large capitalists there are 
fortunes in the production of cotton, sugar, fine Cuban 
tobacco and naval stores. There are also similar induce- 
ments in stock raising, the cutting of timber and lumber, 
salt making and the fisheries. Enterprising men and 
women, who know " how to keep a hotel," can settle any- 
where along the railroad lines or on the St. Johns, and 
depend on constant and remunerative business. 

^Visitors to Florida, for the first time, are usually appre- 
hensive about snakes. Notwithstanding its tropical situ- 
ation there are few poisonous reptiles in Florida. In 
some localities the rattlesnake may be found, if sought for 
diligently, but generally the only snake visible is a species 
of harmless, water snake. The alligators are not aggres- 
sive towards strangers. They are rather disposed to run 
thaii fight when attacked. The mosquitoes flourish in the 
summer season, as they do everywhere else, but are less 
voracious than the Jersey breed. The other bugbear to 
the stranger in Florida — the malarial fever, is spoken of 
elsewhere. When it does occur, it is of the very mildest 
type, is not necessarily dangerous and yields easily to 
simple reijedies. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 3* 



Charleston, the principal city of South Carolina, and the 
largest on the Atlantic coast of the United States south of 
Baltimore, is situated on a tongue of land between the 
rivers Ashley and Cooper. Its population in 1870 was 
48,956, of which 26,173 were negroes and mulattoes. It 
is a large cotton and rice mart, and is connected with the 
interior of the country by extensive lines of railway. 

History — Charleston was originally settled by the 
English in 1679. It was one of the most important and 
opulent of the old colonial cities. In 1776 the British 
fleet, under Sir Peter Parker, was beaten off by the fort on 
Sullivan's Island. The city was captured by the British in 
1780. The great civil war of 1860-65 began herewith 
the passage of the ordinance of secession in December, 
i860. 

Harbor — The harbor is one of the largest and hanti 
somest on the coast of America. The ruins of Fort Sum- 
ter, situated at its entrance, constitutes the spot of most 
interest to strangers visiting Charleston. Castle Pinckney, 
a short distance from the city, and Fort Moultrie, on Sulli- 
van's Island, are also fortresses of historic renown. A 
packet yacht conveys visitors to these points every after- 
noon, ilnformation of the hour of sailing, etc., may be 
obtained at the hotels. 

Remiiiisceisces. — Charleston possesses an unusual 
interest for visitors, as having been the birthplace of the 
Southern Confederacy, and the scene of some of its most 
stirring incidents. Its streets to this day abound with re- 
minders of the momentous events which characterized its 
existence during that memorable four year s struggle. 



32 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Streets — Meeting street is the longest and most ele- 
gant avenue. King street is the fashionable shopping 
thoroughfare. They run parallel the entire length of the 
city. 

St. inichaers Clltirch— This venerable edifice 
on the corner of Broad and Meeting streets, is worth seeing. 
The chime of bells in its belfry were first imported from 
England about the middle of the last century; during the 
Confederacy were removed to Columbia for safety ; at the 
close of the war were sent to England for re- casting, and in 
1866 were returned, and once more rang out from the spire 
their merry peal to the air of *' Home Again." From this 
steeple the Colonial troops kept watch upon the movements 
of the British, and later, the Confederate lookouts upon 
the Federal blockading squadron. The view which it 
affords of the city, the harbor and the back country is one 
which no tourist should miss. 

Public Buildings— The Post Office building at the 
lower end of Broad street, is an ante- revolutionary struc- 
ture. In its cellars American prisoners were cruelly in- 
carcerated during the war for independence. The new 
Custom House is an imposing marble building. The 
Orphan House on Calhoun street is one of the architectural 
ornaments of the city. On its grounds is a marble statue 
of William Pitt; erected by the citizens of Charleston pre- 
vious to tha Revolution. The Charleston College, the 
Medical College, Roper's Hospital, the City Hall, the 
Citadel, and the Arsenal, are large and handsome buildings. 
There is an interesting museum connected with the Charles- 
ton College. 

Hotels— ^Those tourists who include a stop a Charles- 
ton in their Florida trip, either going or returning, will find 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 33 

the Charleston Hotel still deserving its well-earned popu- 
larity. 

During the sutr>mer of 1874 this famous house underwent 
a complete and expensive renovation. The proprietors 
have added to its many comfortable appointments the 
luxury of hot and cold water baths on each floor of the 
building, these baths being supplied at great expense with 
the celebrated Artesian water, famous for its many curative 
. qualities. 

! One of the great attractions of the hotel is its superb 
j double colonnade. During the past season the Post Band 
discoursed fine music from the balcony twice a week in the 
( evenings. 

' Families desiring rooms can write or telegraph their re- 
I quirements to the proprietors in advance, and so avoid dis- 
; appointment. 

1 The Pavilion Hotel, too, under the experienced pro- 
prietorship of Messrs. G. T. Alford & Co., deservedly 
receives a large share of tourists' patronage. Recently 
I refitted and decorated throughout, and, offering in addition 
I to the comforts of a home, the attractions of an unsurpassed 
\c21isi71e and delightful verandahs, it ranks among thie first 
I hotels on the Atlantic Southern seaboard, and will be 
I found everything that either the transient or permanent 
I visitor could desire. Tourists can telegraph and secure 
1 rooms in advance. 

j Places worth Visiting:— Pleasant trips may be 
made by the ferry-boats to Aloultrieville and Mount Pleas- 
ant, the summer resorts of the Charlestonians. Those who 
prefer to sail or row around the historic waters of Charles- 
jton Harbor, will find a fine collection of boats for hire, on 
reasonable terms, at Capt. Young's wharf Magnolia 
Cemetery, a short distance beyond the city lines, is a beau- 



34 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tiful spot and has many fine monuments. The Battery, at 
the lower end of Meeting street, is a magnificent promenade 
and affords an excellent view of the harbor. The Burnt 
District, which extends from river to river across the middle 
of the city, marks the track of the great fire of 1864. The 
Markets should be visited on a Saturday night, and some 
of the large Rice Mills are interesting. A trip to the won- 
derful Phosphate Grounds should not be omitted. At the 
Academy of Music, one of the most elegant theatres in the 
Union, operatic and dramatic performances are given dur- 
ing the winter. 

The Suburbs of Charleston— There are many 
points of beauty and historic interest within easy distance 
of the city, and which no tourist should omit to visit. 
Prominent among these are the Drayton House, a splendid 
old baronial mansion of brick, redolent with traditions of 
the grandeur and hospitality it has witnessed in its past. 
It fronts upon the Ashley River, and is surrounded by a 
wealth of shrubbery and foliage. Magnolia Plantation and 
Schievelin, both also upon the same stream, are well worth 
visiting. A small steamer pUes up the Ashley from Charles- 
ton for the accommodation of tourists. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 35 



The commercial emporium of the Empire State of the 
South, is beautifully situated on the Savannah River, about 
18 miles from its mouth. Savannah, next to New Orleans, 
is the largest port of shipment of cotton in the Southern 
States, and one of the largest in the <vorld. It is advan- 
tageously placed, for a great thriving and increasing busi- 
ness. The Savannah River affording water communication 
with the Northern part of the State for 380 miles. The 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad connects it with the rich and 
growing sections of Southern, Middle and Upper Georgia, 
and with Florida and the Gulf ports. The Georgia Central 
road running through Middle Georgia to Atlanta, and the 
Savannah and Charleston Railroad to Charleston S. C, are 
important links connecting the city with the West and 
North, There are four lines of first-class steamers to New 
York, and weekly lines to Baltimore, Philadelphia and 
Boston. 

Savannah, according to the census of 1870, had a popu- 
lation of 28,235, ^^ which 13,068 were colored. Its receipts 
of cotton in 1872-3 amounted to 626,768 bales. It also 
exported 34,000,000 feet of lumber, and the total value of 
its exports that year was $50,000,000, which gave it the 
rank of the third exporting port in the United States. The 
city is handsomely laid out with broad streets closely 
shaded by water oaks, live oaks, magnolia, sycamore and 
pride of India trees. At nearly every other corner there is 
a public square, planted with these magnificent shade trees. 
The number of these squares is 24. South, Broad and Bay 
streets have grassy promenades in the middle, with carriage 
ways on either side. 



36 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

History — Savannah was first settled in 1733 by Genl. 
Oglethorpe and about thirty families. Here, three years 
later, John Wesley preached for the first time in America. 
In 1766 there were four hundred dwellings here. In 1788 
the British captured the city. Nearly a year later the brave 
Pulaski fell in a vain attempt by the combined French and 
American forces to recapture it. The British held posses- 
sion till the war ended In 1791 Washington, and in 1825, 
Lafayette visited Savannah. It v/as prominent during the 
Confederate war as the terminus of Genl. Sherman's 
celebrated " March to the Sea." 

Public Building's — There are many fine build- 
ings in Savannah, among which may be mentioned the 
City Exchange, New Market House, St. Andrews Hall, the 
New Custom House and the Hall of the Georgia Histori- 
cal Society. The Independent Presbyterian Church, the 
Masonic Temple, and St. John's Episcopal Church have 
considerable architectural merits. The Greene Monument 
in Johnson square, and the Pulaski Monument in Monterey 
square should also be seen by visitors. 

Suburban Points— Strangers will find many spots 
in and about Savannah worth visiting. Fort Pulaski^ a few 
miles down the river, was the scene of a long siege during 
the late war. The original cost of its construction was 
$988,859. Daufuskie Island, near by, is memorable as the 
scene of the Bloody Point massacre of Indians by white 
settlers. Beach Hammock, Greenwich Park and Jasper 
Springs are also noted resorts within a few miles of the 
city. 

Hotels — The Pavihon Hotel, under the proprietorship 
of P. J. Hobart, continues to furnish the best of accommo- 
dations, and at most reasonable prices, to tourists stopping 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 37 

in Savannah. The Pulaski, Marshall, and European 
Houses are also included in the list of hotels. 

Forsyth Park, though small in area (20 acres), is 
quite a resort for the citizens and attractive to strangers, as 
it is composed mostly of the natural growth of the forests. 
The fountain in the centre is considered a beautiful model. 
It is after the style of the fountains in the Place de la Con- 
cord in Paris. The walks are prettily laid out, and covered 
with shell. It is the fashionable resort for the elite of the 
city. In the rear of the Park, in a large enclosure known 
as the Parade Ground, stands the Confederate Monument, 
recently erected by the Ladies' Memorial Association, and 
which in point of beauty of design and finish, compares 
favorably with any in the South, and will cost when com- 
pleted $25,000. In this spot, with its surrounding luxu- 
riance of shrubbery and vegetation, the tourist will find much 
to charm and please the eye. 

BonaTenture Cemetery, one of the loveliest 

spots in the world, has rural charms peculiar to itself. 
The long avenues, by the side of which the dead are sleep- 
ing are arched by the branches of great trees from which 
the gray moss sweeps in heavy festoons. There are some 
noticeable monuments in this cemetery, which derives its 
name from the original tract of which it formed a part, and 
which was first settled in or about 1670 by Col. John Mul- 
ryne, an Englishman. By the marriage of his daughter 
Mary in 1761 to Josiah Tatnall of Charleston, it came in- 
to possession of the latter family, and Gov. Tatnall of 
Georgia was born there in 1765. This marriage is of 
especial interest, as having, it is said, been the occasion of 
the planting of the great live oaks which now grace the 
spot. Tradition has it that they were planted injhe forms 



38 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

of the letters M and T — the initials of the bride's and 
groom's respective family names. 

In 1847 the estate passed into the hands of a Capt P. 
Wiltberger, and was by him adapted to its present use. 
His remains now rest within its limits.* 

Thunderbolt, a picturesque bluff, 5 miles from the 
city, from which a good view of the country can be ob- 
tained, is a favorite resort for pleasure parties. 

Jloniimeilts. . A monument in honor of General 
Nathaniel Greene adorns Johnson Square. One to the 
memory of Count Pulaski is erected on the spot where he 
fell in the attack on the city in 1779. 

The Theatre is open during the winter season and 
presents the best musical and dramatic artists of the coun- 
try in succession. 

Views of Savannah. Visitors invariably endeavor 
to visit the Photographic Studios and Ferrotype rooms 
of Wilson & Havens, situated at 143 Broughton Street. 
It is the oldest and finest establishment of the kind in the 
city, and visitors are always welcome whether they buy or 
not. Here may be seen a large and varied assortment of 
stereoscopic views of the beautiful Forest City and its 
lovely environs, the aggregate forming a complete art gallery. 

Savannah enjoys an enviable reputation for salubrity. 
During the winter months the hotels and private boarding 
houses are filled with Northern visitors. The climate is 
better suited to some invalids than points further South. 
Tourists bound to Florida usually sojourn a few days in 
Savannah to enjoy its genial weather and visit its places of 
interest. 



* This sketch was kindly furnished bv Commodore Josiah TatnaM,and'WiH 
prove of interest to all visiting Savi-nnoh. 



39 

Points of Prominence in Florida and Sontliern Mm, on tlie 
Line of the Atlantic anflMRailroail. 

This Railroad is the great connecting link between the 
Atlantic coast railroads from the North (via Savannah) 
and Southern Georgia and Florida. It affords a through 
railroad connection for passengers and freight between 
those flourishing sections and Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
New York and Boston. 

The main trunk extends from Savannah to Bainbridge, 
on the Flint River, nearly to the Alabama State line, a 
distance of 236 miles. There are two branch roads; one 
beginning atDu Pontand extending to Live Oak, a distance 
of forty-eight miles, and connecting with the Jacksonville, 
Pensacola and Mobile Railroad ; and the other from TJtom- 
asville to Albany, Ga., a distance of fifty-eight miles. 
The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad also connects at Jesup 
with the Macon and Brunswick R. R., and at Way Cross 
with the Brunswick and Albany R. R. ; passengers and 
freight are taken either for the coast, or for all points in 
Middle and Upper Georgia and Alabama. 



The following are the stations on the Atlantic and Gulf 
Railroad after leaving Savannah : 

Wtiys — ^S^A I'l'^^ilcs from Savannah, 220^ miles 
from Bainbridge. Wood station. There are Presbyterian 
and Baptist Churches near her6. The County seat of 
Bryan County is near here. Within one mile east of 
this station the road crosses the Great Ogeechee River. 
Some of the largest rice plantations in Georgia are 
situated on its banks. A short distance below the 
bridge the blockade runner, ''Rattlesnake," previously 
the ''Nashville," was sunk by the guns of the Federal 
fleet, then lying below Genesis Point. On this point was 
'the Confederate battery, Fort McAllister, which was cap- 



4.0 GUIDE TO .FLORIDA 

tared after a sharp fight, by Shennan's Army, on its 
' * march to the sea. ' ' 

Fleming — 24 miles from Savannah and 212 miles 
from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. About fifteen miles 
from here, on the shore, is the harbor of Sunbury, 
one of the best on the Georgia coast, and one of the ear- 
liest settlements in the State. Visitors may see there the 
old Sunbury Fort and have a fine view of St. Catherine's 
Sound. At Fleming are Methodist and Baptist Churches. 

IHcllltOSll — 32 miles from Savannah and 204 
miles from Bainbridge. This station is two and one- 
half miles from the village of Flemington, Liberty County ; 
five miles from Hinesville, the County seat ; and ten miles 
from Riceboro, the head of water navigation on the North 
Newport River. 

Walt hour Ville — 39 miles from Savannah, 197 
miles from Bainbridge. The village of Walthourville is 
two miles >from the station, and in ante bellum days 
was the summer residence of the wealthy planters of Lib- 
erty County. It was the birth-place of a number of the 
most eminent men of the State, and was noted for the 
intelligence and refinement of its society. Present popu- 
lation, 300. The place is a resort for invalids. There are 
good boarding houses kept by Messrs. Brown and Miller. 
Rates from ^^1.50 to $2.00 per day for transient visitors. 
The neighborhood abounds with deer and partridge. 
There are two churches in Walthourville, one Presbyterian 
and one Baptist. 

«follIl!!!>toil — 46 miles from Savannah, 190 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population, 150. The village con- 
tains a boarding-house, kept by Mrs. Johnston, two saw 
mills and a shingle mill near by. Plenty of game will 
be found in the vicinity. 

Upon leaving this station, the road descends into the 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 41. 

valley of the Altamaha River. This river is one of the 
largest in the State and is formed by the junction of the 
Oconee and Ocmulgee Rivers ; the former, navigable for 
steamboats to Dublin, and the latter to Macon. Darien, 
where a large trade is carried on in lumber and timber, 
lies near the mouth of the Altamaha. The Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad crosses this stream upon a substantial lattice 
bridge of four spans, formed upon brick pieces of suffi- 
cient height for steamers to pass below. The swamp 
abounds in cypress and oak. The cypress is manufactured 
into shingles, and shipped to Macon, Savannah and North- 
ern ports, and quantities of oak staves are exported to 
France and Spain. 

Doctortoirn — 53 miles from Savannah, 183 
miles from Bainbridge. This station is near the site 
of an old Indian town, which was the abode of a famous 
"medicine man," v/henc5 the name of the station. 

JTeiSUp — 57 miles from Savannah, 179 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction of the Macon 
and Brunswick Railroad. Passengers take cars here for 
Macon, Atlanta, and all points in Middle and Northern 
Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee. Connection is also 
made here with the growing and prosperous city of Bruns- 
wick, forty miles distant on the Atlantic coast. Population 
of Jesup, 600. The new hotel — the Metropolitan — will ac- 
commodate 100 guests, has been fitted up with every 
comfort, and is well kept. It is the eating-house for 
both roads. The Wayne Triumph (weekly) is published 
here. 

Screven — 68 miles from Savannah, 168 miles 
from Bainbridge. Wood station. 

Upon the line of the road for the thirty miles west of 
this station, in the finest lumber region of the State, are 
situated eight or ten large circular saw mills. The 



4.2 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

lumber interest is annually increasing in importance, and 
adds largely to the revenues of tiiis road. Tiie shipments 
of lumber over the road have increased from 8,000,000 
feet in 1866, to 32,000,000 feet in 1871. Short lateral 
branches are being constructed into the virgin forests on 
either side of the line, and it is probable that the annual 
shipments will continue to increase for many years to 
come. 

Patterson — 77 miles from Savannah, 159 miles 
from Bainbridge. There are three churches in the 
vicinity. 

Mlackshear — S6 miles from Savannah, 150 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population, 800. County seat of 
Pierce County. There are in the village and vicinity four 
saw mills and a grist mill. The Knoles House (Mrs. Way) 
accommodates travelers at $2.50 per day or $7.00 per 
week, The country hereabouJ:s is heavily timbered, and 
large quantities of round and square timber are cut and 
shipped. There is a Methodist Church in the village. 

Way Cross — 96 miles from Savannah, 140 miles from 
Bainbridge — Junction of the Brunswick and Albany R. R. 
— 57 miles from Brunswick. Population 600. County 
seat of Ware County. The tov/n, which was laid out in 1 87 2, 
stands on a sandy ridge, with a clay sub-soil, and a clear, 
bold stream 'of running water on the south. There is a 
commodious hotel (board $2.00 per day or $30.00 per 
month), a fine Church (Methodist), a neat Academy and a 
number of beautiful residences. 

Tebeauville — 97 miles from Savannah, 139 
milts from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Population 
about 100. Situated near the head of the great Okafono- 
kee Swamp, which abounds with game and fish, and is a 
famous resort of ihe sportsman. The Railroad House at 
this station, kept by J. W. Remshart, will accommodate 
about thirty guests at $2.00 per day. 
'^' J 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 4-3 

Hoiliersville — 122 miles from Savannah, 114 miles 
from Bainbridge. Population, 200. County seat of 
Clinch County. The Okafonokee Swamp is near by. 
Cowart's Hotel and Hodge's boarding house afford 
good accommodations to visitors and sportsmen. Sugar 
cane is raised to some extent on the neighboring plan- 
tations. 

J>11 Pont — 131 miles from Savannah, 105 miles 
from Bainbridge. Te-Legraph oftice. Junction with 
the Florida branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, 
(which see, at the end of this article.) The Railroad 
House accommodates travelers at ^2.00 per day. In 
the village the Primitive Baptists have a small meeting- 
house. The climate here is agreeable and the water excel- 
lent. The country is heavily covered with yellow pine. 

Stockton — 139 miles from Savannah, 105 miles from 
Bainbridge. Wood station. 

]¥ayIor — 144 miles from Savannah, 97 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, about 75. There are two saw 
mills and a wool-carding establishment near here. 

Valdosta — 157 miles from Savannah, 79 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Population, 2000. County 
seat of Lowndes County. The largest town on the rail- 
road between Savannah and Thomasville, It ships about 
5000 bales of cotton per season, and contains several mills, 
five white and two negro Churches, and two good hotels, 
Stuart's Railroad Hotel and Tranquil Hall, where accom- 
modations may be had at ;^5.oo per week for permanent 
guests. The South Georgia Times is published here. In 
the neighborhood are many natural curiosities; one 
of the small rivers enters a cave and disappears. 
Ocean Pond and Long Pond, from three to five miles in 
extent, afford the best fresh-water fishing in Georgia. 

From this station westward to Thomasville, the road 



44 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

passes thvoagh a region which, perhaps, offers more 
inducements to emigration than any other part of Southern 
Georgia or Florida. It is a rolling country, well watered, 
and' thickly wooded with yellow pine and other timber, 
There are many thrifty farmers engaged in planting cotton, 
corn and sugar cane, and in raising stock for the Savannah 
market. In summer the southerly winds are cooled in 
passing over the Gulf of Mexico, and the nights are 
always pleasant. Cases of malarial disease are rare, and 
mosquitoes are almost unknown. In short, there is no 
other part of the Southern country possessing the same 
advantages of climate, soil and productions, of health, 
proximity to schools, churches and centres of trade, where 
land can be purchased at as small a price as in this vicin- 
ity. The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad was only extended 
to Thomasville at the beginning of the late war, and as it 
is not on any of the great Southern Through Lines, it has 
in a great measure escaped the attention of persons gomg 
South in pursuit of health or seeking a home. 
> Ousiey — 1 66 miles from Savannah, 70 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, 150. Travelers are accommo- 
dated by J. A. and W. H. Ousley. In the vicinity are 
several pretty lakes. 

Two miles west of this station the road crosses the 
Withiacoochee River, an affluent of the Suwanee. Upon 
its banks and near the road are two springs (one of them 
a sulphur spring), which enjoy quite a local reputation. 

Q^uitllian — 174 miles from Savannah, 62 miles from 
Bainbridge. Telegraph office. One of the most flourishing 
towns in Southern Georgia. Population, 1500. County 
seat of the fertile county of Brooks, which contains ten 
water and six steam mills. In Quitman are two carriage 
manufactories, a cotton and wool factory with a capital of 
175,000; five churches, belonging to the Methodists, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 45 

Baptists and Presbyterians ; thirty business houses, mostly 
built of brick, and three educational institutions ; the 
Lovick Pierce College with 60 students, Quitman Academy 
with TOO students, and the Howard Institute (colored) 
with 60 students. This young town was planned and the 
streets blazed out of the pine forests ia i860. Two weekly 
papers, Gallaher's Indepe?idenf and the Quitman Reporter^ 
both well conducted sheets, are published here. In the 
county is a partially explored cave, called the Devil's Hop- 
per, which is a great natural curiosity. The sulphur springs 
are four miles distant from the town. Travelers are ac- 
commodated at the City Hotel (D. U. McNeil), and Mc- 
intosh House (J. R. Edmonson). Rates $2.00 per day. 

Dixie — ^181 miles from Savannah, 55 miles from 
P>ainbridge. Bryan's Hotel has good accommodations at 
$1.50 per day. Near by is Dry Lake, a large and beauti- 
ful sheet of water, and a sink hole into which three rivers 
empty and show no outlet again. 

Boston — 188 miles from Savannah, 48 miles from 
Bainbridge. Population, 400. Ships 1800 bales of cotton. 
Several steam saw mills here, and Methodist, Baptist and 
Presbyterian churches. Boston is the proposed terminus 
of two new railroads ; one to St. Marys, Georgia, and the 
other to Greenfield, Georgia, and is growing rapidly. Cj 

'ThOMiaSTilie — 200 miles from Savannah, 7,(i miles 
from Bainbridge. Telegraph office. Junction with Albanv 
branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad; (which see, at 
the end of this article.) Population, 4000. County seat 
of Thomas County. The town is situated on the highest 
land between Savannah and the Flint River, and is 97 feet 
higher than Albany. It is the centre of a thriving trade 
and bids fair to become the most important town in 
Southern Georgia. Its location is dry and healthv, and 



46 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

ic is tnerefore a favorite resort for Northern invalids. The 
streets are broad and beautifully shaded with evergreens. 
The town has Episcopal, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian 
and Roman Catholic churches; five saw mills, a foundry 
and a tannery, and two newspapers, the Southern Enter- 
prise and Thomasville Times. The South Georgia Agri- 
cultural and Mechanical Association holds its annual fairs 
here, generally continuing five days. The country around 
is cultivated with cotton and sugar, and is well settled. 
Travelers and invalids will find accommodations at the 
Gulf Railroad House, kept by G. W. Parnell, and Young's 
Hotel, by John McKinnon ; charges $3.00 per day or 
$12.00 per weefe At the boarding houses rates are from 
$20.00 to $25.00 per month. A Swiss Colony is success- 
fully engaged in the grape culture near Thomasville. 
Thomasville shipped about 1 2,000 bales of cotton last year. 

Cairo — 214 miles from Savannah, 22 miles from Bain- 
bridge. Population 66. Boarding houses kept by W. ']'. 
Rigsby, William Powell and Wily Pearce. Rates ^i.oo 
per day. 

Whlgliaill — 221 miles from Savannah, 15 miles from 
Bainbridge. A considerable trade done here with the 
surrounding country. 

CSisiiax — 228 miles from Savannah, 8 miles from 
Bainbridge. Wood station. At this station the road 
descends westward into the valley of the Flint River. 

Bain R>rid§^e— 236 miles from Savannah. The 
Western terminus of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 
Telegrap]i office, and the head of navigation on the 
Flint River, which is navigable all the year. Steamboats 
make semi-weekly trips to Colwmbus, Georgia, on the 
Chattahoochee and Apalachicola, Florida, on the Gulf of 
Mexico. The population of Bainbridge is 2000. It con- 
tains a corton factory, two steam saw mills, and three 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 47 

churches. Two newspapers, the Southern Sun and the 
Argus are printed here. The neighboring lakes abound 
with fresh-water fish. The Sharon House, kept by John 
Sharon, is a first-class country house. Board $3.00 per 
day, 1^15.00 per week. 

Bainbridge is the county scat of Decatur County. The 
local shipments of cotton are 11,000 bales. The steamers 
landing here bring about 16,000 bales per annum for ship- 
ment by rail to Savannah. The town is rapidly improving. 
It is also the terminus of the Bainbridge, Cuthbert and 
Columbus Railroad, (narrow gauge) now under construc- 
tion. 



F&Q&i'B^ ®m^.w€M QF wmm Mw^.^^tiq ^e¥@ 



From 1)u Pont, Georgia, to Live Oak, Florida. 

Dll Pont — 131 miles from Savannah, 132 miles from 
Jacksonville. 'i'he junction of the main trunk of the 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad and the Florida Branch. 

Forrest — 143 miles from Savannah, 121 miles from 
Jacksonville. Wood station. 

Statenville — 151 miles from Savannah, iii miles 
from Jacksonville. Population, about 50. The place con- 
tains Baptist and Methodist churches. 

Jasper — 163 miles from Savannah, 99 miles from 
Jacksonville. Population, 150. County seat of Jasper 
County. Invalids take conveyances here for the Upper 
White Sulphur Springs, 18 miles distant. The country here- 
about is pleasant and healthy. Visitors to Jasper can* be 
accommodated at the Stewart House, kept by Judge H. J. 
Stewart, and tlie Hately House, by Mrs. Z. Hatcly. 
Charges, $15.00 to $20.00 per month, $2.00 per day. 



48 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

Suwanee — 171 miles from Savannah, 90 miles 
from Jacksonville. Wood station. About one mile from 
his station is a most remarkable Sulphur spring, upon the 
rocky shore of the widely-sung '^Suwanee Ribber," and 
embowered in the live-oak and magnolia trees which shade 
its placid surface. The spring is about fifteen feet deep 
and as many feet in diameter ; its crystal-pure waters, as 
they pour into the river, are so clearly separate from the 
dark current flowing down from the Okafonokee Swamp, 
that the line of demarkation may be observed for some 
distance below the spring. This spring is well known for 
its efficiency in cases of rheumatism and dyspepsia, as is 
also the Upper White Sulphur, some miles farther up the 
river. 

liive Oak — 179 miles from Savannah, 8^ miles from 
Jacksonville. Telegraph office. Junction with the Jack- 
sonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 



From Thomasville to Albany, Georgia. 

ThoinasTille — 200 miles from Savannah, 60 miles 
from Albany. Junction of the main trunk and the Albany 
Division of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 

Okloknee — 211 miles from Savannah, 49 miles from 
Albany. 

PelliaBBl — 224 miles from Savannah, 2>^ miles from 
Albany. 

>CaiIifllla — 232 miles from Savannah, 28 miles from 
Albany. Telegraph office. Anew town, laid out in 1S57, 
and growing rapidly. Population, 500. Ships 5000 bales 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 49 

of cotton. It is situated in the midst of a flourishing cot- 
ton region. The town contains several steam saw mills, 
two corn mills, Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian 
churches, two good hotels and a uumber of boarding 
houses. Prices at the former, per day ^2.00 to ;^2.5o; 
per week, ^5. 00 to $6.00. County seat of Mitchell County. 
From this station to Albany the road runs near the east 
bank of the Flint P^iver, and through an almost continuous 
belt of extensive and fertile cotton plantations. 

Bacoitton — 242 miles from Savannah, 18 miles from 
Albany. 

Hardaway — 252 miles from Savannah, 8 miles from 
Albany. 

Albany — Telegraph Office, 258 miles from Savannah 
and on the Flint River. The terminus of three railroads, 
the Albany Branch of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, the 
Brunswick and Albany Railroad to the Atlantic coast, and 
the South-western Railroad to IMacon. Population, 3500. 
County seat of Dougherty County. This is also a new 
place and has risen to the dignity of an incorporated city. 
It contains a number of mills and foundries, seven churches, 
two newspapers, the News and Central City, and two ho- 
tels : the Town House, kept by Collier & Co., and the 
Albany House by M. Burnes. Rates $3.00 per day and 
$30.00 per month. Upland cotton is the staple product 
of the surrounding country. Blue Spring, three miles from 
Albany, is a bold stream, gushing from the earth, and 
abounding with fish. The many ponds in the county are 
supposed to have an underground connection with this 
spring. 



50 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



From Quincy, via Live Oak, to Jacksonville, by the 
Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad. 

The Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad con- 
nects the Apalachicola River in Western Florida with the 
Atlantic Ocean at Jacksonville, and therefore traverses the 
entire Northern section of the State, east of the Apalachi- 
cola. It also connects at Live Oak with the Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad, and all stations in Georgia ; at Tallahassee 
with St. Marks and the Gulf of Mexico, and at Baldwin 
with Fernandina in the North ai.d Cedar Keys in the 
South. At present the road is in running condition from 
Quincy east to Jacksonville, a distance of 189 miles. The 
road will be completed this winter to Chattahoochee, and 
the work of making the connection with Pensacola and 
Mobile will be pushed forward rapidly. 

The following are the stations on this road, going east : 
^Quincy — 189 miles from Jacksonville. Telegraph 
ofhce. Population, 800. County seat of Gadsden 
County. The Wiliard House, kept by Mrs. Willard, is 
recommended. Board, $3 00 pe. day. There is a board- 
ing-house kept by Mrs. Innes. Quincy has three churches : 
Methodist, Episcopal and Presbyterian. A weekly news- 
paper, the Quincy Journal, is published here. The 
village is situated in Gadsden County, which before 
the war cultivated fine Cuba tobacco on a large and remu- 
nerative scale. The early vegetable business is flourishing. 
The neighborhood of Mount Pleasant, 12 miles from 
Quincy, is engaged in the cultivation of the Scuppernong 
grape, and produces a wine equal to the best of the Cali- 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 5^ 

fornia and Ohio vintages. A number of Swedish immi- 
grants have settled in Gadsden County, and have done so 
well that a large party has been induced to join them. 
Quincy is 22 miles from Bainbridge.. Georgia, and with it 
has daily stage communication. 

Tallahassee — 24 miles from Quincy, 165 from Jack- 
sonville (Telegraph office). Population 2,500. "State capi- 
tal and Leon county seat. The city is healthfully located 
upon the summit of a short ridge in the centre of a fine 
farming country, containing some of the best rolling lands 
in the State. Leon county raises about 1 2,000 bales of 
cotton annually. The climate is delightful, the summer 
heat being tempered by Gulf breezes. In the neighbor- 
hood of the city are Lakes Bradford, Jackson and Lafayette, 
all picturesque and beautiful bodies of water, and only six- 
teen miles distant are the celebrated Wakulla Springs, 
through the crystal waters of which one can plainly discern 
objects on the bottom, 130 feet below. Tallahassee boasts 
two newspapers, the Floridian and the Sentinel, a well kept 
hotel (the City) accommodating 150 guests, and kept by 
Mr. W. P. Slusser (board ^3 per day), and in addition to 
the State House, numerous neat and tasteful edifices, pub- 
lic and private. During the past year, too, a grand impetus 
has been given to its manufacturing industries. A cotton 
mill, established by the Tallahassee Manf g Co., is in active 
and prosperous operation, and the car shops of the J. P. & 
M. R. R. employ numerous hands in the construction of 
^^ggage, mail and express cars, containing all modern im- 
provements. Under the energetic exertions of Major Wal- 
ker, Receiver, and Col. F. B. Papy, G. P. A. of the J. P. & 
M. Road, emigration from the North to this section of 
Florida has of late begun to assume surprising dimensions, 
several large colonies having already settled or purchased 
in the immediate vicinity. For Northern Florida in gene- 



52 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

ral, and Tallahassee in particular, a new era of prosperity 
seems now to be dawning. 

JUonticello Junction — 51 miles from Q.uincy, 

138 miles from Jacksonville. Connection is had here with 
the town of Monticello, county seat of Jefferson County, 
which is the terminus of a branch road, four and a quarter 
miles distant.. The population of Monticello is about 2000. 
Telegraph office. The Monticello Advertiser is published 
here, and there are Episcopalian, Methodist, Baptist and 
Presbyterian churches. The principal hotel is the Monti- 
cello, with good accommodations, and kept by Mrs. M. 
A. Madden. Board and lodging may be had for ^25.00 
per month. Lake Miccosukie is in this vicinity. Its 
banks are famous in the ancient history of Florida, as the 
camping ground of De Soto ; and in modern history, as 
the field of a sanguinary battle between General Jackson 
and the Miccosukie tribe of Indians. 

Monticello is twenty miles distant from Dixie, on the 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 

Aucilla — 58 miles from Quincy and 131 miles from 
Jacksonville. 

Goodman — 65 miles from Quincy and 124 miles 
from Jacksonville. These two stations are shipping points 
for a fine planting country. 

Ifladi^on — 79 miles from Quincy and no miles from 
Jacksonville. Telegraph office. Population between 700 
and 800. County seat of Madison County. The village 
contains Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches. 
The lands hereabouts are good, and there is considerable 
early garden truck raised for the Northern markets. The 
Phoenix Mills in the village are of large capacity. Trav- 
elers can be accommodated at the house of Mr. W. E. 
Howells, at $2.50 per day. In the County of Madison the 
beautiful Lakes Rachel and Mary Frances, and Cherry 
Lake are situated. They abound with fish. 



GUIDE TO F-LORIDA. 53 

£liaTille — 94 miles from Quincy and 95 miles from 
Jacksonville. An extensive lumbering place ; situated on 
the Suvvanee River, which empties into the Gulf of Mex- 
ico. Population, about 500. There are large saw mills at 
this place, whose cutting capacity is fifty thousand feet 
daily, also planing and grist mills. A boarding house in 
the village is kept by Mrs. Drew. The church is used by 
all denominations. 

JLive Oak — 107 miles from Quincy and 82 miles 
from Jacksonville. The junction with the Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad to Savannah, and all railroad points North. 
Telegraph office. County seat of Suwanee County. Popu'a- 
tion, 800. The village contains a saw mill, a planing mill, 
a manufactory and a church, which is used alternately by 
the Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians. 
The Live Oak Herald \s published here. Conner's Hotel 
affords good accommodations. Fare, $3.00 per diem. 
There is a private boarding house kept by Mrs. McLarran. 
Near the village are many waterfalls, some of them very 
pretty. The site of Live Oak was once an Indian camping 
ground. The Live Oak Ti??ies is published here. 

Wellburil — 119 miles from Quincy and 71 miles 
I from Jacksonville. Passengers going' to White Sulphur 
Springs stop here. Population, 350. Wellborn is situated 
ion the highest point above the level of the Gulf, on this 
I railroad. It is in a healthy country and a resort for inva- 
lids. The celebrated White Sulphur Springs on the 
(Suwanee River, are eight miles distant. They are much 
I used by sufferers from dyspepsia and rheumatism. Lake 
I Wellborn and several other inland sheets of water, are in 
ithis neighborhood, and are well stocked with fish. The 
village contains two churches, one used by the Baptists, 
and the other by the Methodists and Presbyterians. Trav- 
elers and invalids are accommodated at the houses of H. 



54 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

1). Rigsb-e, S. L. Williams and others. Rites, $1.50 
daily, ^7.00 to ^8.00 weekly, $20.00 to ^^o.oo monthly. 

JLake City — 130 miles from Quincy and 59 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph office. A city of 2000 
inhabitants. An United States signal service station and 
the seat of justice of Columbia County. The place con- 
tains cotton, saw and grist mills ; and seven churches be- 
longing to the Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist, 
Episcopalian and Baptist denominations. The Lake City 
Press, edited by Captain E. W. Davis, is published here. 
Lakes Isabella, De Soto and Hamburg are within the city 
limits, and Indian Lake within a quarter of a mile. There 
is a chalybeate (iron, sulphur and magnesia) spring, about 
half a mile from the city, and one of the best sulphur 
springs in the South within 12 miles. The lakes and 
streams are stocked with trout, bream., perch, (mawmouth, 
speckled, sand and mud) gar and other varieties of fish : 
and the surrounding country with deer, bears, wild turkeys, 
partridges, snipe, (English and gray) and wild ducks. 
Every planter has from one to two dozen orange trees. 
The dim remains may be seen, about l.;!f a mile from Lake 
City, of trenches built by De Soto in his conflicts with the 
Indians over three hundred years ago. The city has three 
hotels, the Cathey House by J. \V. Cathey, Hancock 
House by Mrs. Ashurst, and Thrasher House by T. B. 
Thrasher, each containing from 25 to 30 rooms. 

OIll$$tee — 142 miles from Quincy and 47 miles from 
Jacksonville. Olustee is the site of the most important 
battle fought in Florida during the late civil war. Major 
Gei^eral Trueman Seymour, with a large body of United 
States troops, in February, 1864, marched from Jackson- 
ville, westward, and at this place encountered the Confed- 
erate army under Brigadier-General Joseph Finegan. A 
desperate battle ensued, which lasted all day, and was 



GUIDE TO HLOKIDA. 55 

characterized by great bravery on both sides. General 
Seymour was beaten, and retreated from the field, aban- 
doning his dead and wounded to the enemy. His loss 
was 1 200, including Colonel Fribley, of the negro troops, 
killed. Finegans's loss was 250. The Confederate cavalry 
pursued General Seymour as far as Baldwin, picking up 
many prisoners. 

Sanderson — 152 miles from Quincy and 37 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph Office. County seat of 
Baker County. 

Baldwin — 170 miles from Quincy and 19 miles 
from Jacksonville. Telegraph Office. Junction with the 
Florida Railroad, connecting with Fernandina and the 
Atlantic Ocean on the north, and Cedar Keys and the 
Gulf of Mexico, on the south. (See article on the Florida 
Railroad.) The telegraph line to Cuba branches off at 
this station. 

Wllite House — 178 miles from Quincy and 11 
miles from Jacksonville. 

JaeksonYllle — 189 miles from Quincy. Termi- 
nus of the J. P. & M. Railroad. Telegraph Office. Boats 
for all points on the St. Johns River, and connecting with 
the St. Augustine Railroad at Tocoi, are taken here. (See 
article on the St. Johns River.) 

From Tallahassee to St. Marks. 

A branch railroad of 21 miles in length, connects Tal- 
lahassee with the port of St. Marks, on the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

St. JUarks — 21 miles from Tallahassee. Telegraph 
Office. A small settlement. Connection is made here 
with steamers for New Orleans, Pensacola, Apalachicola, 
Cedar Keys, Key West and Havana. (See advertisement, j 



56 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



From Fernandina, via Baldwin, to Cedar Keys, 

BY THE Atlantic, Gulf and West India 

Transit Go's Railroad. 

The Florida Railroad stretches across the State, from 
the city of Fernandina in the extreme north-east, to Gedar 
Keys on the Gulf of Mexico, 154 miles south-west; thus 
connecting the waters of the Gulf and the Atlantic with 
an iron link. The road is vrell built and comfortable, and 
passes through some of the most picturesque parts of 
Florida. Through trains leaving daily from either termi- 
nus make the passage in twelve hours. 

The follov/inc^ are the stations on this route : 

Femaildilfia — Telegraph Office. An old but 
thriving city ; situated on the inner or western shore of 
Amelia Island, and at the mouth of the Amelia River, 
which divides it from the main land, and forms, with Cum- 
berland Sound, one of the best and safest seaports on the 
Atlantic coast, south of the Virginia capes. The city was 
built by the Spaniards. For many years it languished, 
but the completion of the railroad connection with the 
Gulf of Mexico gave it a new start, and it is now one of 
the most promising cities in the South. The population is 
about 2500. The harbor of Fernandina is so capacious, 
that, during the war of 181 2, v/hen the town was Spanish 
and neutral, more than three hundred square-rigged 
vessels were congregated together in its waters at one 
time. The harbor is land-locked, aud indeed can hold 
immense fleets in safety from the raging gales of the Atlan- 
tic outside. Vessels drawing 19 or 20 feet can cross the 
bar at high tide, while vessels of the deepest draught can 
unload at the wharves. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 57 

The lumber interest in this city is very considerable and 
is increasing. There are four large saw mills in operation, 
and others are contemplated. English capital has lately 
started a large cotton-ginning establishment, and there is a 
prospect of the town becoming a large depot for Govern- 
ment naval stores. It is to the market gardener that the 
neighborhood of Fernandina offers the greatest induce- 
ments. Vegetables can be raised, particularly in the win- 
ter season, so much earlier than at the North, that they are 
a very profitable article of shipment to New York. 

Fernandina has seven churches, one Episcopal, one 
Presbyterian, two Methodist, tw6 Baptist and one Roman 
Catholic. It is the seat of the Episcopal Bishoprick of 
Florida. A large and flourishing academy for young 
ladies is under the charge of the Bishop. There is one 
newspaper published in the city, entitled the Fernandina 
Observe}'. A good first-class hotel is greatly needed in 
Fernandina, and any capitaHst would find the estabHshment 
of such a hou^e abundantly remunerative. At present the 
rates charged per day are from $2.00 to $3.50, but there 
are numerous boarding houses where hberal terms can be 
made by the week or month. The healthfulness of Fer- 
nandina cannot be surpassed in the South. The cool sea 
breeze in summer makes it a delightful residence, while the 
general mildness of the climate in winter renders it equally 
attractive. 

Direct communication is had with all the principal 
railroad points in Florida and seaports to the northward ; 
and a new railroad is contemplated from Frrnandina to 
Jacksonville, which will lessen the traveling distance be- 
tween that place and Savannah. Besides its pleasant 
climate, Fernandina has, in its neighborhood, some places 
of historical interest and natural beauty, which make it 



58 GUIDE TO FLORIDA 

attractive to visitors. The magnificent sea beach affords 
at low water a drive of eighteen miles on a road as smooth 
and hard as the bed of a billiard table. An interesting 
excursion is to Dungeness, — miles distant ; the seat of 
the illustrious General Nathaniel Greene of Revolutionary 
memory. The estate was presented to the General by the 
people of Georgia, in recognition of his services as com- 
mander of the Southern provincial army during the most 
critical period of the st'-uggle. It consists of. about 
10,000 acres, and has been iaid out with great taste and 
care. The gardens are superb. The visitor can see here 
how the olive flourishes in the South, making beautiful 
groves traversed by avenues ; also avenues of live oaks, 
those giants of the forest, hanging with the sombre though 
graceful Spanish moss, which droops in long festoons from 
every limb. On the beach, about half a mile from the 
Dungeness mansion, may be seen the grave of General 
HenryLee, of Virginia, the famous "Light Horse Harry" 
of the Revolution. He died at this place in March, 1818, 
aged 63 years. A headstone, erected by his son. General 
Robert E. Lee, the Commander-in-chief of the Confed- 
erate armies, marks the spot where the hero is buried. , 

Hart's Road — 12 miles from Fernandina, 142 
miles from Cedar Keys. Wood station. 

Callalian — 27 miles from Fernandina, 127 miles from 
Cedar Keys. Junction point of the Great Southern R. R. 
from Jesup to Jacksonville, nov/ under construction. The 
village has two churches. The station is situated on an 
extensive marl bed, and is surrounded by a valuable forest 
of yellow pine, cypress, live oak, white oak, &c. Travel- 
ers who have a curiosity to see live rattlesnakes can gratify 
it in the woods hereabouts. 

Baldivin — Telegraph Office. 47 miles from Fer- 
nandina, 107 miles from Cedar Keys- The junction with 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



59 



the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Horida Railroad. The 
City of Jacksonville is only 20 miles distant. Population 
of this settlement, about 150. It contains two hotels, the 
Baldwin House and the Florida House, which have 
accommodations for 100 guests. Charges, ^4.00 per 
diem. 

Trail Rid^e — 62 miles from Fernandina, 92 miles 
from Cedar Keys. / 

l^tai'ke — 73 miles from Fernandina, 81 miles from 
Cedar Keys. Population, 250. There is a church in the 
village, and three within the distance of a mile, all Meth- 
odist. No hotel, but a good boarding house, kept by Mrs. 
T; B. Hoyt, who charges ^1.50 per day or $2^ per month. 
There are a number of lakes from two and a-half to ten 
miles distant, some of them large with very clear water. 
Game is scarce, but fresh water fish abound in the lakes. 
This part of Florida is principally inhabited by small far- 
mers, who cultivate the sea island cotton, corn, sugar cane, 
sweet oranges, peaches and a variety of garden pro- 
ductions. 

Waldo — 84 miles from Fernandina and 70 miles from 
Cedar Keys. Junction of the railroad now being con- 
structed to Tampa Bay. Population, about 125. Has 
two Baptist and one Methodist churches. No hotel, but 
board can be obtained in private families, at from ^15,00 
to ^20.00 per month. The village has two mills for gin- 
ning cotton. Santa Fe Lake is about two miles distant. 
It is about nine miles long and four wide, and affords 
excellent facilities for boating and fishing. About six 
miles from Waldo there is a natural sink in the land cover- 
ing about two acres. A stream runs into it continually, 
and yet there is no visible outlet. The Santa Fe River 
disappccirs several miles from the village, and flows uader 
ground, thus forming a natural bridge. The lakes and 



6o GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

creeks here about are filled with trout and perch, and the 
woods with deer, ducks, quails, etc. This neighborhood 
is remarkable for its healthfulness. The only local dis- 
ease is the malarial fever, which prevails during the later 
months of summer, but wliich is in a mild form and easily 
controlled by remedies. The climate is peculiarly adapted 
to sufferers from diseases of the lungs, the air being dry 
and pleasant. 

GaifilC'^vllIe — 96 miles from Fernandina, 55 miles 
from Cedar Keys. Telegraph Office. The largest and 
most important station on the Florida Railroad, and a 
favorite resort for invalids. County seat of Alachua 
County. Population, 1500. The town contains Presbyte- 
rian, Baptist, Methodist and Episcopalian churches, three 
flourishing academies, two newspapers, the Independent, 
republican, a- id the New Era, conservative, and three 
liotels with good accommodations. The latter are : Oak 
Hall, Colonel Lemuel Wilson, proprietor ; Exchange 
Hotel, P. Shemwell, proprietor; Beville House, Mrs. S. 
P. Beville; board, ^2.00 to $3.00 per day, or ^25.00 to 
^30.00 per month. .There are two livery stables, affording 
ample means for conveyance into the interior and to, the 
natural curiosities with wdiich the vicinity abounds. The 
Alachua, a body of water, termed in Florida, a ''sink," 
is the recipient of several streams, with a subterranean 
passage to the ocean. It is filled with alligators and all 
kinds offish, and the surrounding scenery is very charm- 
ing and romantic. In Alachua County there is a large 
and beautiful prairie, twenty miles long and five miles 
wide. The county is the largest in the State, with a pop- 
ulation of 20,000. There are twenty-eight public schools. 
A tri-weekly mail line starts from Gainesville for Tampa 
on the Gulf. Passengers are taken. There is plenty of 
game in the woods. Oranges, lemons, limes, grapesu 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA, 6i 

bananas and peaches thrive here. Peach trees sometimes 
bear at the age of fifteen months, a thing unknown in any 
other section of the Union. Garden truck is raised in 
abundance for the Northern markets. Immigrants are 
welcomed. Land from 75 cents to ^50.00 per acre. New- 
mansville and Micanopy are important towns in the county, 
which have stage connections with Gainesville. 

Archer — 113 miles from Fernandina, and 41 miles 
from Cedar Keys. The Suwanee River is distant about 
25 miles. Population, 200. No hotels, but travelers are 
accommodated at the houses of Joseph S. McDonell and 
Mrs. Young. There are three Methodist and one Baptist 
churches. Hereabouts are magnificent pine forests and 
beautiful prairie views. 

Bronsoil — 122 miles from Fernandina, and 32 miles 
from Cedar Keys. A new place, settled mostly since 
the war. Population about 100. It is the county seat of 
Levy County. There is one church (Methodist), and a 
hotel of limited capacity, the Jackson House, but the fare 
is excellent. Board can be obtained in private families at 
about $1.00 per day. Twelve miles from the village is an 
inexhaustible bed of iron ore, which has not yet been 
worked. The railroad here passes through some of the 
finest land in the State, the Gulf hummock, adapted for 
the culture of sugar cane, cotton, corn, (Sec. In the 
neighboring creeks, besides many varieties of fish, there 
are an abundance of soft-shell turtles, which, when prop- 
erly prepared, make a very savory and delicious dish. 

Otter Creek — 135 miles from Fernandina, 19 miles 
from Cedar Keys. 

, Palmetto — 144 miles from Fernandina, 10 miles 
from Cedar Keys. 

Cedar Keys — 154 niiles from Fernandina, 126 miles 
from Jacksonville. The Gulf of Mexico terminus of the 



62 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Florida Railroad. Regular packet steamers connect here 
with New Orleans, Key West and Havana. Population, 
400. There are two hotels, the Gulf House, fare ^^2.50, 
and the Exchange, ^3.00 per day. The Suwanee River en- 
ters the Gulf eighteen miles west of Cedar Keys, and the 
Withlacooche, eighteen miles south. The former is 
navigable to Ellaville. Cedar Keys is situated on a fine, 
large bay, which affords excellent facilities for bathing, 
boating and fishing. 

The New Orleans, Florida and Havana Steamship Com- 
pany dispatch one of the steamers of their line every 
Saturday morning for Havana, New Orleans and Key 
West. Passengers desiring to go by these steamers should 
be in Cedar Keys on Friday night. 



This grand water-course of Eastern Florida, has \t% 
source in the springs and swamps of the southern extremity 
of the peninsula, and flowing northward, for a distance of 
four hundred mifes, turns abruptly eastward in the neigh- 
borhood of Jacksonville, and empties into the Atlantic 
Ocean. Its whole course lies through an extremely level 
region. For one hundred and fifty miles it has an average 
width of more than one and a-half miles, and is said to 
carry a volume of water much larger than does the Rio 
Grande, which is one thousand miles long. In some 
places it expands to a width of six miles, nor does it con- 
tract at any point to less than a mile, below Lake George. 

Many of the tributaries of the St. Johns are navigable 
to quite a distance by steamboats, and it is believed that 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 63 

this river and its navigable branches give one thoiisana miles 
of water transportation. The river scenery is not only 
beautiful, but to the stranger's eye, has the additional 
charm of novelty. The luxuriance of the tropical vegeta- 
tion, the pretty villages nestling amid magnificent shade 
trees or orange groves along the banks, and the broad, 
placid waters through which the steamer ploughs its way, 
combine to make a picture of surpassing loveliness. 

The banks of the St. Johns are the principal attraction 
to the invalids coming to Florida in search of a balmy 
climate, change of scene and pleasant surroundings. 
Thousands of visitors from the North are scattered among 
its towns and villages every winter. The means of access 
are easy and comfortable. Large steamers ascend as far 
as Palatka, from which smaller steamers continue the tour- 
ist's journey on the St. Johns to Lake Monroe, and on the 
Oclawaha River to S^ilver Springs, and the interior lake 
country. There are three daily lines from Jacksonville to 
Palatka and return, the Gen'l Sedgwick, the Hampton, and 
the Florence (Brock's Line), all leaving at 9.00 a.m. In 
addition to these the Starlight leaves on Tuesdays and Satur- 
days, and the Tuskawilla and the Okahumkee on Thursdays, 
the latter boats running through to Silver Springs and interme- 
diate points on the Ocklawaha. The David Clark or Hat- 
tie (Brock's Line) leave on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri- 
days at 9.00 A M. for Enterprise, and the Hattie Barker on 
Tuesdays and Fridays at 9.00 a.m. for Mellon ville. Fares 
are: to Green Cove Springs and intermediate points $1.00; 
to Palatka and intermediate points $2.00. Meals $1.00 ex- 
tra; to Mellonville and Enterprise (including meals and 
stateroom) $9.00 from Jacksonville and $6.00 from Palat- 
ka. Time from Jacksonville to Enterprise 36 hours. 



64 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



General Sketch. — County seat of Duval County, 
situated 25 miles from the mouth of the St. Johns River on 
its western bank. The commercial emporium of East 
Florida, and the largest city on the Atlantic coast of the 
United States south of Savannah; it is the chief objective 
point of tourists to the Land of Flowers. The city is regu- 
larly incorporated, has a Mayor and Board of Aldermen, 
and is the seat of the United States District Court and of 
the Federal Customs and Internal Revenue Offices. Its 
streets have been regularly laid out, with fine sidewalks 
and shade trees, and numerous structures, public and pri- 
vate, bespeak its wealth and importance. Within its limits 
are twelve Churches, three being Baptist, three Methodist, 
two Episcopalian, two Presbyterian, one Roman Catholic 
and one Second Advent. 

Originally named in honor of General Andrew Jackson, 
the place remained a small village, though considerably re- 
sorted to by invalids for half a century past, until the close 
of the late war. A census taken by Ex-Senator Osborne, 
in charge of the Freedmen's Bureau in Florida, in 1866, 
showed a population of less than 1700, most of them ragged 
blacks. To-day there is a permanent population of nearly 
13.000, and while then there were but five brick buildings 
in the place, there are now to be seen long rows of stores, 
rivaling those of the MetropoUs in the variety of the stocks 
and the richness of display. No such ratio of growth can 
be shown by any other city of the Union. 

Topography and Suburbs. The rapid growth 
of Jacksonville has caused it to extend along the bank of 
the St. Johns River for more than four miles, calling into 
existence East Jacksonville, Oakland, Wyoming, on the 
east, and La Villa, Brooklyn and Riverside on the west. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 65 

Springfield, a locality to the North of Jacksonville, of more 
recent growth, is expected to be in time the centre of the 
growth of fashionable residences of northern sojourners. 
The land here slopes from a considerable height south- 
ward to Hogan's Creek, the city limit, and commands a 
fine view of the St. Johns River and surrounding country. 
The villages of Riverside, Reed's Landing, South Shore 
and Alexandria are reached by ferryboat. Land at either 
of the points mentioned can be advantageously purchased, 
and the attention of Northern capitalists has of late years 
been largely directed to its value as an investment. 

Streets — The principal business thoroughfare is Bay 
street, and from this, at right angles, branch off the other 
streets of Jacksonville. Bay street, for a distance of three- 
quarters of a mile, is built up on both sides with solid brick 
business houses, and is a leading feature of interest to 
visitors. 

Hotels — As might be naturally inferred, a winter re- 
sort so generously patronized as Jacksonville, abounds in 
the best of hotel accommodations and boarding houses 
where visitors may find ail the comforts and conveniences 
of life. Prominent among the hotels may be mentioned 
the St. James (J. R. Campbell, Manager), accommodating 
300 guests, and located within easy distance of the cars and 
steamboats. This elegant building has a frontage of 210 
feet upon the St. James Park, and is provided with every 
modern convenience. The Grand National Hotel (Geo. 
McGinley, Prop'r,) and the Metropolitan, are also commo- 
dious and well kept houses. 

Educational Establishments— Both the Pro- 
testant and Roman Catholic portions of the community 



66 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

are furnished with the means of careful education. For 
the former St. Mary's Priory, under the personal supervision 
of the Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese, and for the latter, 
the St. Joseph's Academy, under the Lady Superior, as- 
sisted by the Sisters of the Order of St. Joseph, offer com- 
plete courses of study and discipline, without sectarian 
proselytism, to those whose children's health demand a 
southern climate. 

Commerce and JlldUSllies, As a trade centre, 
this city must, as the outlet for the immense lumber busi- 
ness of the State on the one hand, and its chief port of 
entry for the merchandise of the world on the other, nec- 
essarily retain its pre-eminence, and continually attract 
to its counters the business of dealers from the interior, who, 
even now, rarely go as they did once to Savannah or 
Charleston to buy their goods. 'Jacksonville merchants 
show in this, and many other regards, the enterprise which 
not only deserves but commands success. There are nine 
large saw mills in operation, for instance, while many 
others located along the thousand miles of inland naviga- 
ble water ship their lumber from this port. This fact alone 
also serves to show the immense inland wealth of this re- 
gion awaiting development at the hands of enterprise and 
capital. 

Banking facilities are offered at the Banking Houses of 
D. G. Ambler and Denny & Brown, both on Bay street. 
There is a Freedman's Saving Bank situated on the corner 
of Ocean and Bay Streets, and a New National Bank is 
this year to be started. Among the industrial enterprises 
may be especially mentioned the manufacture from the 
palmetto leaf of a fine quality of bank note paper. A shoe 
factory and a cotton factory are both talked of, and, more 
important than all, direct steamship communication witli 
New York is seriously contemplated for the coming season. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 67 

Nor should mention be forgotten of the novel industry of 
wild orange champagne manufacture, recently entered up- 
on by Mr. J. H. Paine, a chemist, who has lately made 
Jacksonville his home. From the refuse of the wine pro- 
cess he also eHminates a valuable wax, and an essential oil 
which commands a high price. 

The Fire Department of Jacksonville is, in its 
apparatus ?iW(\ personel^ another unmistakable evidence of 
the city's enterprise, and includes in its equipage two fine 
Amoskeag engines and several handsome hose carriages 
and trucks. 

Points of Interest. A visit to Jacksonville 
would be incomplete without a drive out by the magnifi- 
cent shell road, cut one hundred feet wide through the pine 
forest, a distance of four miles, to the now famous Mon- 
crief's Springs, the waters of which possess rare medicinal 
virtues, especially beneficial for sufferers by malarial com- 
plaints. The place is said to have derived its name from 
a French Jew who, having married an Indian maiden, was 
here robbed and slain by her relatives. Recently a com- 
pany was formed, with the Mayor of Jacksonville at its 
head, for tlie purpose of improving the grounds about the 
springs, and rendering them a pleasant resort for Jack- 
sonville visitors. Two fine baths, or pools, have been es- 
tablished with dressing rooms attached; a restaurant, 
pavilion and orchestra stand have been erected, and now 
there are few, if any, pleasanter springs than Moncrief s to 
be found anywhere throughout the South. 

Visitors desiring to carry home mementoes of Jackson- 
ville, will find at the gallery of Messrs. Wood & Bickle, on 
Bay street, a fine assortment of stereoscopic views of the 
many interesting points in and about the city. 

At B n Greenleaf s Museum of Florida Curiosities, 
also on Bay street, they may pass, too, an instructive and en- 



68 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

tertaining visit in inspecting his valuable collection of liv- 
ing reptiles, birds and wild animals. This museum, where 
crowds daily assemble, is among the fashionable resorts of 
the city during the winter season. 



Civil Engineer and Surveyor, 

Mellonviile, Orange Co., Fia, 

(See page T».) 

Special attention given to locating lands suit- 
able for Orange Groves. 



The St. Johns River — Continued. 

jflultoerry Grove — The first landing-place after 
leaving Jacksonville, 12 miles distant, on the west bank. 
A beautiful grove. 

illaildarisi — 15 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
east bank, a village of 200 inhabitants, one of the old- 
est settlements on the river ; has several stores and two or 
three fine orange groves. This place is of interest to 
Northern visitors as being the winter residence of Mrs. 
Harriet Beecher Stowe. Her house is near the bank, a 
few rods to the left of the shore end of the pier. It is a 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 69 

moderate-sized cottage of dark brown color. A Catholic 
Convent has recently been established at this point by the 
Bishop of Florida, and is now inhabited by the Sisters. 

Hibernia — 25 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
bank. This is quite a resort for invalids. Mrs. Fleming 
has a large, commodious house, which will accommodate 
about forty boarders and is one of the lirst to fill up. 

ili:^g^nolia — zS miles from Tackson\i!le. on the west 
bank ; a beautiful place, with a fine hotel kept by Mr. 
Houghton. With the contiguous cottages about eighty 
guests can be accommodated. Near t)y is Magnolia Point, 
one of the highest points of land extending into the river 
between Jacksonville and Palatka. A short distance north 
of Magnolia Point a navigable stream, called Black Creek, 
empties into the St. Johns. Small steamers from Jackson- 
ville make weekly trips up Black Creek as far as Middle- 
burg. Large quantities of lumber are floated down this 
stream to a market. The banks abound with alligators. 

Crrecil Cove ^praisg-^ — 30 miles from Jackson- 
ville, on the west bank ; one of the most popular reports on 
the river. The Union House, kept by Remington and 
Reed, will accommodate comfortably about fifty guests. 
There are other hotels and several good boarding houses. 
Rates at the hotels, $3.00 per day ; at the boarding houses, 
per week, ^10 to $15. One of the attractions at this place 
is the S[)ring, which is held in high esteem for its health- 
giving qualities. The water has a temperature of about 75 
degrees ; is as clear as crystal and has a slight sulphurous 
taste, not unpleasant. Facilities are afforded to both sexes 
for bathing at the Spring. Green Cove promises to be- 
come in time a flourishing and populous village. 

Hograrth^N l^Vliarf— 35 miles from Jacksonville, 
on [he east bank ; a post-office and wood landing. 



JO GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

PiCOlata — 45 miles from Jacksonville, on the east 
bank. This snrall settlement is the site of an ancient 
Spanish city, of which scarce one vestige remains. Two 
centuries ago, it was the main depot of supply for the 
Spanish plantations of the up country, and through it, we re 
shipped to St. Augustine and abroad, such products as the 
settlers raised. The Franciscan monks erected a splendid 
church here and some religious houses for their order. 
Opi)Osite Picolata, on the western bank, are the remains of 
a great earthwork fort belonging to the Spanish era. 

Tocoi — 53 miles from Jacksonville, on the east bank.- 
The depot of the .St. Augustine Railroad. The distance 
to St. Augustine is 15 miles, and trains connecting with 
the river boats run through in 40 minutes. Before the use 
of locomotives the time required to make this journey was 
two hours. I'here are a few objects of interest to be seen in 
the time allowed here, and the restaurant of Mr. Thomas 
can be recommended to tourists. 

Palatka — 75 miles from Jacksonville, west bank. 
Population 1000 (Telegraph office). It is the largest town 
on the St. Johns above Jacksonville, and is the head of 
navigation for ocean steamers, which here transfer their 
freight and passengers for the upper St. Johns and Ockla- 
Nvaha rivers. It occupies an elevated site, and extends 
about half a mile along the bank. The town has numerous 
stores doing a good business, two hotels, the St. Johns, (a 
first-class house, conducted by P. & H. Petermann,) and 
the Putnam House, a weekly pa])er, the Eastern Herald, a 
ship yard, and several mills and other industries. The 
business houses are large and attractive in appearance, and 
the wharves, which are numerous, are lined with commo- 
dious warehouses, in which is constantly stored merchandise 
from most of the Atlantic seaports. Palatka is an impor- 
tant commercial point, and is each year becoming more so. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 71 

Steamers run from Palatka to Dunn's Lake, and also up 
the Ocklawaha River to Silver Springs, Ocala, and the head 
of navigation, a distance of 1 80 miles. Opposite to Palat- 
ka, a distance of a mile and a half, and accessible by boat 
at all times, is Col. Hart's famous Orange Grove of six 
acres, said to be the most highly cultivated of any in the 
South. In different parts of the grove can be seen every 
variety of tropical fruit, including a fine grove of bananas. 
From a single orange tree Col. Hart gathered last year 4500 
oranges. No visitor staying over a day at Palatka should 
fail to visit this beautifuL spot. 

IVelnka — 100 miles from Jacksonville and 20 miles 
from Palatka, on the east hunk, is the site first, of an old 
Indian village, and afterwards, of a flourishing Spanish 
settlement. It is near the entrance to Dunn's Lake, and 
also to the Ocklawaha River. The scenery along the 
Ocklawaha is very wild and picturesque, and is much ad- 
mired by tourists. There are some magnificent planta- 
tions on the banks, and large quantities of cotton and 
sugar are raised. Silver Spring is a basin of beautiful, 
clear and deep water. This the site of a Seminole village 
of 600 inhabitants. 

Lake Georg^e — After leaving Welaka, the river 
widens into Little Lake George, four miles wide and seven 
miles long, and then into Big Lake George, one of the 
loveliest sheets of water in the world ; twelve miles wide 
and eighteen miles long. It is dotted with pretty islands, 
one of them called Rembert, being seventeen hundred 
acres in extent, and having one of the largest orange 
groves on the river. The banks of Lake George are musi- 
cal with the song and brilliant with the plumage of the 
Southern birds. Flocks of herons, the white curlew, the 
crane, the pelican, the loon and the paroquet may be 
seen. The latter can be bought of the negroes. 



72 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Volusia— 5 §^ miles from Lake George, and 65 miles 
from Palatka, on the east bank; a wood station, with a 
considerable settlement back from the river. This is the 
site of anotlier ancient Spanish city, wiped out by the 
wars of the past, so that not a trace remains. It was the 
principal point on the line of travel between St. Augus- 
tine and theMusquito Inlet country. The modern village 
was settled in 181 8. - During the Seminole war a fort was 
built here, and from this post Creneral Eustis, in command 
of the left wing of the army, composed mostly of regu- 
lars and drafted three months' men from South Carolina 
and Georgia, set out to cross the country to the Withla- 
coochee, to join General Scott. After a brief and fruit- 
less campaign of three months. General Scott and his 
army recrossed the river at Volusia on their way to St. Au- 
gustine. 

Means can be had at Volusia to get to New Smyrna and 
Indian River on the coast; a famous country for the 
hunter. New Smyrna is celebrated as the sjjot settled by 
Dr. Turnbull and his colony of 1500 Minorcans, ni the 
year 1767. TurnbiilFs wife being a native of Smyrna, in 
Asia, the settlement was named New Smyrna.' The 
crop cultivated by Turnbull was indigo, of which he 
raised thousands of dollars' worth annually. These col- 
onists not being dealt with according to contract, all 
abandoned the settlement and located in and near St. 
Augustine, where their descendants now reside. The only 
permanent monument left by Turnbull is a large canal, 
draining the swamp that bears liis name into t'ne Hillsboro' 
River at New Smyrna. 

©raiig"e Cirl'ove— 10 miles from Lake George. 
Wood landing. 

)IIa'U'kill§Ti]le^2o miles from Lake George. Wood 
landing. 



GUIDE TO FLORiOA. 

Blue spring' — 33 miles from Lake George. Wood 
landing. Near here is o^e of th« largest springs in the 
State. The water boils up from a bottom eighty feet wick, 
and forms a considerable river. The spring is several hmi- 
dred yards from the St. Johns, but the stream flowing from 
the spring is large enough, at its confluence at the river, 
for the steamers to float in it. It is a most interesting 
sight to look over the side of the steamer, into the crystal- 
clear water, and observe the every-day life of the shoals of 
fish below, as they flit here and there, seeking a living, 
making love to and war on each other, quite unconscious of 
the lookers-on in tiie element over their heads. 

JTIellonville — 125 miles from Palatka, and 200 miles 
from Jacksonville, on the west bank of Lake Monroe. One 
of the most important landings on the Upper St. Johns It 
was formerly the site of Fort Mellon, built during the Indi- 
an War. There are two hotels here. The orange groves 
in the neighborhood are handsome and productive, and have 
induced the estabHshment at this point of a manufactory of 
a new and health-giving beverage known as "Orange 
Bitters," and which as a tonic for invalids are pronounced 
by physicians as unsurpassed. The advertisement of the 
proprietor, Mr. J. J. Hite, will be found elsewhere. Lake 
Monroe, upon which Mellonville is situated, is twelve 
miles long and five miles wide. It is crowded with fish of 
many varieties, and the opportunities for rare sport to the 
angler, are unsurpassed. Wild fowls are likewise abun- 
dant. 

^Enterprise — Almost directly opposite Mellonville, 
on the east bank of Lake Monroe; is 130 miles from 
Palatka and 205 miles from Jacksonville, and the head of 
regular steamboat navigation. Here is one of the best 
and most popular hotels on the river, the Brock House ; a 
large comfortable building, capable of entertaining on« 



74 • GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

hundred guests. It is usually crowded during the winter. 
Attached to it are a billiard saloon and a ten-pin alley. 
The rates for board rank from ;^ 15.00 to $20 00 per week, 
according to rooms. The Green Spring, at Old Enter- 
prise, about a mile from the Brock House, is worth a 
visit, as well as the orange groves in the vicinity.^ The 
Spring is o( a delicate green color, and at times transparent. 
Ir is nearly eighty feet in diameter, and fully one hundred 
feet deep. The waters are sulphurous, and few fish live in 
them. Enterprise is the great headquarters for the sports- 
man. Fishing and hunting expeditions are fitted out here 
for the upper lakes and the Indian River country. Horses 
and boats are kept on hire, and during the winter a small 
steamboat makes frequent excursions to Lakes Jessup and 
Harney, taking parties who wish to enjoy the ravishing 
scenery and indulge in that novel and exciting sport, 
alligator shooting. The run up to Lake Harney and back, 
can be made in a day. Lake Jessup, which is in the 
neighborhood of Lake Harney, is seventeen miles long by 
five miles wide, and is so shallow, that it cannot be en- 
tered by a boat drawing over three feet of water. The 
St. John's River has its rise in the Everglades, fully 120 
miles further south than Enterprise, but tourists do not 
usually ascend beyond Lake Harney, twelve miles from 
Enterprise. The climate in this locality is perceptibly 
milder than below. The winter resembles very much the 
months of May and June at the North, though without 
their occasional scorching heat. 

The Southern Inland Navigation and Improvement 
Company have contracted to deepen the waters of the 
St. Johns, from Enterprise, as far as Lake Washington. 
This much-needed improvement will give inland commu- 
nication v/ith Indian River, Sand Point, Mosquito Inlet, 
Indian River Inlet, Susannah, Jupiter Inlet, and the capes, 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 76 

and opens up the entire south-east coast of Florida to the 
extremity of the Pcninsuhi. To the tourist in search oi 
adventure, this section of the State presents a magnificent 
field. The Indian River is alive with every variety of fish 
that inhabit the Southern waters, and the woods abound 
in game. 



Since the completion of the railroad from St. Augustine 
to Tocoi, on the St. Johns River, access to this picturesque 
and beautiful old Spanish town has been easy, pleasant and 
rapid. The regular packet steamers up the St. Johns 
River leave Jacksonville at nine o'clock daily, Sundays ex- 
cepted; and connect at Tocoi (57 miles from Jacksonville) 
with the St. Augustine Railroad. The train runs through 
from Tocoi to St. Augastine in forty minutes, The distance 
between Tocoi and St. Augustine is fifteen miles. Through 
fare from Jacksonville, ina steamer and railroad, $3.00. 
Meals and staterooms $1.00 extra. 

St. Augustine, the most ancient town in North America, 
is situated on a peninsula nearly surrounded by the St. 
Sebastian River and St. Augustine Bay. The population 
is 2,000 souls, mostly of Spanish and Minorcan descent. 
Across the Bay is Anastasia Island. Tlie town was 
founded by Menendez, the Spanish Governor of Florida, 
in 1565, which was forty-three years before the settlement 
of Jamestown, in Virginia, and fifty-five years before the 
landing of the Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock. St. Augus- 
tine has had an eventful histor}-.,^ First, it was laid waste 
by the French, under De Oourgues ; in 1580, it was 
attacked and plundered by the English, under Sir Francis 



7^ GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

Drake. In i6i i, it was pillaged by the Indians. In 1665, 
the English buccaneer, Davis, sacked it, after the inhabi- 
tants had taken refuge in the fort. In 1702, Governor 
Moore, of the English Colony of South Carolina, invaded 
Florida, and attacked the city, but was baffled by the fort. 
In 1 71 2, the inhabitants suffered from a famine in consev 
quence of the non-arrival of supply ships from Spain. In 
1725, the Georgians, under Colonel Palmer, were beaten 
off. 'In 1740, General Oglethorpe, the Governor of Geor- 
gia, laid regular siege to the place, planting his batteries 
on Anastasia Island and bombarding the fort for thirty-eight 
days. He failed to force the Spaniards to surrender, and 
retired. ' The city passed into British possession, by 
treaty, in 1763, and held a British garrison during our 
Revolutionary war. In 1784, it was re-ceded to Spain, 
and in 181 9 transferred to the United States. During the 
late war between the States, it changed masters three 
limes. 

HoteBiS — St. Augustine, Hke Jacksonville, is provided 
with the very best of hotel accommodations, affording the 
Northern visitor all the comforts and luxuries which modern 
civiHzation can furnish. The St. Augustine Hotel (E. E. 
Vain, Proprietor), fronting upon the bay and overlooking 
the ocean, seals 300 guests, and has been entirely refitted 
and refurnished thoughout. The Magnolia House (W. W. 
F aimer, Proprietor,) is also a first class estabfishment, de- 
servedly popular with winter tourists to St. Augustine. 

Old Town Wall— Built by the Spaniards two 

centuries ago. It ])rotected the town on its northern side, 
and extended across the peninsula from shore to shore. 
The gateway of the old wall still stands, and is a pictur- 



f 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 



11 



esque and imposing ruin, with ornamented lofty towers 
and loop-holed sentry-boxes. The ditch is clearly 
marked. 

Fort marion — The old Spanish fort once called 
San Juan. It was begun in 1620, and built principally by 
the forced labor of Indian slaves who toiled on it for one 
hundred years. It stands on the sea front, at the upper 




Barper Brof. 



Interior of Fort Marion. 



end of the town, and its material is almost wholly the 
Coquina rock, quarried on Anastasia Island. A ramble 
through its heavy casements, its crumbling Roman chapel, 
with elaborate portico and inner altar and holy-water niches, 
its dark passages, gloomy vaults, and more recently- 
discovered dungeons, bring you ready credence of its 
many traditions of inquisitorial tortures. In one of the 
arched dungeons, discovered by accident, beneath the 



7« GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

walls of the fort, was found a sealed up stone doorway, 
which being dug away, gave access to an inner dungeon. 
In this place were found two cages, in each of which were 
skeletons, one of them that of a female. One of these is 
now preserved in the Smithsonian Institute, the other was 
interred on the north side of the fort. A visit to the fort 
by moonlight also is recommended. 

Cathedral. — The old Catholic cathedral, with its 
quaint Moorish belfry, its chime of four bells in separate 
niches, and its clock, together forming a cross, and its 
antique interior, is one of the most interesting objects in 
St. Augustine. The oldest of the bells is marked 1682. 

Other Churches.— The Episcopalians have a neat 
chapel on the Plaza. There are also Methodist, Baptist 
and Presbyterian rhurches in the city. 

The Plaza. — A fine public square in the centre of 
the city is called the '' Plaza de la Constitution. On it 
stand the ancient markets, and it is faced by the cathe- 
dral, the old palace, the convent, and the Episcopal church. 
In the middle is a monument erected in honor of the 
Spanish Liberal Constitution. Effigies of John Hancock 
and Samuel Adams were burned on this spot by the British 
troops early in the Revolution. The Plaza is a very 
pleasant resort for idlers, who will find a firm, green turf 
for lounging, benches and shade trees. The visit by 
moonlight is enchanting. 

The Palace^ or old Government house of the Span- 
ish era, on the Plaza, is now used as the post-ofiice. Court, 
St. Aug. Library and Reading Rooms, and Peabody School. 

Barracks— occupied by United States troops, said 
to have once been a monastery or convent. 



GUlDt TO FLORIDA. 79 

Convents. — There are three, the old Spanisn con- 
vent of St. Mary's, the one m the rear of the palace, a taste- 
ful edifice built of Coquina, and largest of all, the new con- 
vent on St. George street, near the Barracks. 

Onieteries. — The old Huguenot burying-ground is 
a place of much interest In the military burying-ground, 
under three pyramids of Coquina, stuccoed and whitened, 
are the ashes of Major Dade and 107 men of his command, 
who were massacred by Osceola and his band. 

Sea-"WalI. — A fine sea-wall of nearly a mile in 
length, built of Coquina, with a coping of granite, pro- 
tects the entire bay front of the city, and affords a de- 
lightful promenade on a moonlight evening. In full view 
of this is the old light-house on Anastasia Island, built 
more than a century ago, and now surmounted by a fine 
revolving Ian term A new light-house, 160 feet high, has 
also been erected here by the Government. 

The Hay and Anaf<$la;>iia Island.— Boating 
oa the bay is a favorite amusement on moonlight nights. 
The sail by day across tiie bay to Anastasia Island is 
charming. Beautiful shells of all descriptions may be 
gathered on the beach, and sea-mosses and lichens may be 
collected for albums. 

^tS'Cels. — They are nearly all quite narrow ; one, 
which is nearly a mile long, being but fifteen feet wide. 
Many of the houses, with high roof and dormer windows, 
have banging balconies along their second stories, whicli 
seem almost to touch each other across the narrow street. 

Improvements. — Half a million dollars have been 
expended on improvements, public and private, in St. Augus- 
tine since 1870. Charlotte, St. Creorge and Bay streets are 
all interesting thoroughfares. - Among the private resi- 
dences recently completed may be named those of Henry 
Ball, of Ball, Black & Co., costing $50,000; of John How- 



go GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

ard, costing $30,000 ; and of Wm. H. Aspinwall, costing 
$25,000. Speculation in land has been rife for some time, 
and the natural charms, added to its historic, will probably 
make St. Augustine soon outstrip in development the 
younger cities of thu State. 



The country west of the Apalachicola River has not yet 
been brought into railroad communication with the other 
parts of the State. Its comparative isolation was the 
cause of the recent movement in favor of annexing it to 
Alabama. The extension of lines of the Jacksonville, 
Pensacola and the Mobile Railroad, will soon remove any 
feeling of discontent which may exfst in Western Florida. 

vipalachicoia. — This city was formerly the seat of 
a very considerable trade. It was the shipping port for 
that rich cotton-growing region lying on the Chatta- 
hoochie and Flint Rivers, which empty into the Apalachi- 
cola River, and thus into Apalachicola Bay. The Chatta- 
hoochee is navigable as far up as Columbus, Georgia ; a 
distance of 367 miles. The building of numerous rail- 
roads in lower Georgia and Alabama, which tapped the 
river line, diverted trade from this old city to Mobile and 
Savannah. "^The population has decreased, but it still can 
boast about 1000 inhabitants. Owing to its fine site there 
is no reason v.-hy, with capital and energy, its former pros- 
perity should not be revived. 

Maria II iia. — County seat of Jackson County. This 
town is situated on the Chipola River, an affluent of the 
Apalachicola, and navigable at certain seasons by small 
craft to Mari?.nna. The business cf this town is ordina- 
rily done through Bellevue and Neal's Landing, about 18 
miles distant, on the Chattahoochee. 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 8i 

The extension of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
Railroad will pass through Marianna, and must very much 
increase its prosperity, already ensured by the fertility of 
the adjacent country. 

Peiasacola — The principal city of \Vcstern f lorida. 
Population, 2,000. It is situated on Pensacola Bay, and 
is enjoying a lucrative and growing trade. At the entrance 
of the bay lies Santa Rosa Island, upon which is built Fort 
Pickens, the scene of one of the most famous sieges of the 
earlier years of the late war between the States. The city 
was laid out by the English in 1763. Pensacola may be 
reached from Jacksonville and Eastern Florida by means 
of the railroad to St. Marks on the Gulf, and regular packet 
steamer from St. Marks to Pensacola Bay. The Pensacola 
and Louisville Railroad connects at Pollard with the 
Mobile and Montgomery Railroad. 

•The following observations upon the future of Pensacola 
are taken from a pamphlet issued by the *' New City Com- 
pany:"' 

*-'The City of Pensacola has natural advantages which 
destine it to become, by rapid strides, the Chicago of the 
South. It is situated on the north coast of t.he Gulf of 
Mexico, in latitude 30 deg. 28 m. north, and longitude 87 
dcg. 22 m. west of Greenwich, only ten miles from the 
open sea. Its thoroughly land-locked harbor covers an 
area of over two hundred square miles, being about thirty 
miles long, and from five to eight miles in \, idth, having 
unsurpassed anchorage, and a depth of from thirty to thir- 
ty-five feet. The entrance to the harbor is about half a 
mile wide, with an average depth on \\\Q.\i'^x o{ tweflty-four 
fect. The same depth is readily secured at the wharfage 
line of the city. A laden ship of largest tonnage can ap- 
proach the city at any time in the year, or leaving its 
wharves can be in the open sea in an hour and-a-half. 



82 GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 

"The rapid development of the iron mires of Ala' 
bama, whose natural outlet to the markets of the world is 
the port of Pensacola, will not only contribute a consid- 
erable quota to the commerce of this port, but wili, in 
connectio i with the Florida forests, furnish superior mate- 
rial for ship-building, which, at no distant day, must rival 
in extent the simihir industry of northern ports ; the prox- 
imity and cheapness of all material required giving br.iid- 
ers in this locality peculiar advantages." 



Southern or Tropical Florida is, properly speaking, that 
part of the State lying south of latitude 28 deg. north. It 
comprises an area of 20,000 square miles, and has a pop- 
ulation of about 9,000 inhabitants. About half of this 
population reside on the Island of Key West and the 
neighboring Keys and islands extending into the Gulf of 
Mexico, and are engaged m the busmess of wrecking and 
fishing. The raising of cattle upon the main-'and is .the 
all-absorbing business of the inhabitants, who reside from 
30 to 40 miles apart, and allow the cattle to graze on the 
public domain. The herds are immense ; in Manatee 
County alone, there are 100,000 head of cattle. 

The main-land is level and divided into hummocks, pine 
openings and prairies. The hummocks are very rich, and 
are covered over with a dense growth of timber ; consist- 
ing of live oak, water oaks, magnolia, bay, etc. The soil 
is sandy. The pine openings are covered with scattering 
pines and a grass which affords fine pasturage. The prairie 
lands occupy the interior portion of the vState, bordering 
upon the Kissimee River, the head waters of the St. Johns, 
and the upper Caloosahatchee. They are dotted over with 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 83 

small clumps of hummocks, containing from one to five 
acres each, which give beauty and variety to the scenery, 
and afford shelter during the heat of the day to innumer- 
able herds of deer and cattle. There are also numerous 
small lakes of pure water, filled with fish, some of which 
are only a few rods in extent, while others are from two to 
ten miles in length. These prairies are the paradise of 
the lierdsmen and the hunters. 

This section of Florida is capable of producing all the 
different products of the West Indies. There is a constant 
sea-breeze off the Giulf Stream, commencing about eight 
o'clock, A. M., and lasting until nearly sundown. The 
climate is very exhilarating. The thermometer averages, 
the year round, 73 deg. and the extremes are 57 deg. and 
92 deg. 

A railroad is projected from Jacksonville, along the 
St. John's River into Southern Florida. At present, the 
means of getting to the harbors, on the extreme southern 
coast, are by sailing vessels from Jacksonville, Key West 
and New Orleans, or overland, by the mail carrier's con- 
veyances from Gainesville on the Florida Railroad, and 
Enterprise on the Upper St. John's River. 

The follov/ing are some of the most notable places in 
Southern Florida: — 

Tampa ISay — On the western coast, is a noble har- 
bor for the largest vessels, and is about 40 miles long. 
Towards the interior it divides into two branches, called 
Little Tampa and Hillsborough Bay. It is dotted with 
small islands, the pleasantest of which is Egmont. In the 
waters of Tampa Bay enormous quantities of fish and tur- 
tles may be found. In shoal places the fish are so numer- 
ous that they impede the passage of boats. Sea fowl are 
exceedingly numerous; the beautiful flamingoes, in partic- 
ular, appear in long files drawn up on the beach, like 



84 GUIDE TO FLORiDA 

bands of soldiers in red uniforms. The village of Tampa 
has regular mail communication with Gainesville, and 
passengers avail themselves of the mail wagon for transit. 
A railroad is projected to Waldo, on the Cedar Keys and 
Fernandina Railroad ; when it is completed, Tampa will 
become one of the most important ports on the Gulf. 

-Charlotte Harbor, or Boca Grande, on the west- 
ern coast, south of Tampa Bay. It is about 25 miles long, 
and eight to ten miles wide, and is sheltered from the sea 
by several islands. The entrance between Boca Grande 
Key and Gasperillo is six fathoms deep and three-quarters 
of a mile wide. 

The fisheries in and around Charlotte Harbor are very 
valuable, and may be made more so. Probably a thousand 
persons could find profitable employment. The fish are 
caught with seines. The finest oysters on the coast are 
gathered here. 

.. ,Alpativkee J^^vaitip, upon the head waters of 
the St. Lucie River, is the only swamp of any magnitude 
in Tropical Florida. 

Indian liiver is a vast lagoon along the Atlantic 
coast of Florida, extending a distance of nearly 100 miles. 
In some places it is four miles wide, and in others, not 
more than fifty yards wide. The Indian River country is 
filled with game, and is a celebrated resort of the sportsman. 

\Iiake Okee-cho-bee— A large, wild, solitary lake, 
near the everglades. Its length is twenty miles. 

The Ever§^ lades — Situated almost in the southern 
extremity of the peninsula, is a vast shallow lake, over- 
grown with grass, pond lilies and other aquatic plants, in- 
terspersed with innumerable small islands, of from one to 
one hundred acres each. These islands are principally 
hummock lands, covered over with a growth of live and 
water-oaks and cocoa plums, with an undergrowth of 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 85 

morning-glories, grapes and other vines, and are extremely 
fertile. The water is from four inciics to four feet deep, 
and is very clear and pure. In many places are channels 
and sinks where the water is from ten to fifty feet deep ; 
these holes are well supplied with fish, of which the trout 
is the most desirable. Alligators and turtle are abundant, 
and panthers, wild-cats, and bears are quite numerous. 

^Flowers of the sweetest fragance, and of every hue and 
color, greet the eye. The border and outer margin of the 
Everglades is prairie, of from one-fourth to one mile in 
breadth, and comprises some of the finest and richest land 
in America, having -once been a portion of the Everglades, 
and formed by the receding of the waters. During the 
Indian war the Everglades were the last retreat of the Semi- 
noles, and it was with the utmost difficulty that the gov- 
ernment dislodged them, so well adapted were the almost 
hidden islands for defence and concealment. 

Di«<iCayiie Bay— At the end of the peninsula, and 
emptying into Barnes' Sound and Florida Bay, is an ex- 
cellent harbor for all vessels drawing less than ten feet of 
water. It can be entered at all times. Great quantities of 
turtle and sponges of the finest variety are secured here. 
The sponges and turtle taken from these waters are valued 
at $100,000 per annum. Lieutenant Governor Gleason 
says of the Biscayne Bay country : " The pure water, the 
chalybeate and other mineral springs, the magnificent 
beauty of its scenery, the salubrity and equability of its 
climate, must make Biscayne Bay, at no distant day, the 
resort of the invalid, the tourist, and the lover of adven- 
ture." 

The Keys. — These are a series of islands, extending 
along the south coast, from Cape Florida to the Dry Tor- 
tugas, lying between the niain-land and the Florida Reefs, 
and within three to five miles of the Gulf Stream. They 



86 GUIDE TO FLORfDA. 

are of uniform character, being of coral formation and 
very rocky. Some are only a few acres in extent, while 
others contain as many as 15,000 acres. Cayo Largo is 
the largest. These Keys are only a few feet above tide- 
water, and are mostly covered with a growth of hard- 
wood timber. The land is too rocky to admit of general 
cultivation. 

Key W"est — (The city and port of.) Telegraph 
Office. Is situated on the island of the same name, which 
is seven miles long and one-and-a-half wide. It is eleven 
feet above the sea level. The population of the city is 
about 3,000 It has a large trade in jiponges, turtles and 
fruits, and is a place of some manufacturing importance. 
There are twelve or fifteen cigar factories, making in the 
aggregate thirty to thirty-five thousand of the best Havana 
cigars per diem. There is also a manufactory in successful 
operation, for canning tlie pineapple — the only one in the 
United States. From five to eight thousand cans are put 
up daily. Key West has five churches and the usual pub- 
lic buildings. The United States Admiralty Court sits 
here. Two newspapers are published, the Dispatch, dem- 
ocratic, and the Guardian, republican. There are a few- 
lakes on the island, and sev^eral beautiful drives. The 
land is covered in mid-winter with the greenest of foliage, 
and tropical flowers grow in profusion.^ .The climate 
hereabouts is mild and agreeable, the thermometer ranging 
from 79 to %() degrees in summer, and 48 to 60 degrees in 
winter. The island is much visited by invalids. Constant 
communication is had with New York, New Orleans, 
Havana, Galveston and Cedar Keys by packet steamers. 
The passage to Havana occupies but a few hours. The 
New Orleans, Cedar Keys and Havana steamers afford 
weekly connection with all points in Upper and Middle 
Florida, by means of the Florida Railroad. The principal 



GUIDE TO FLORIDA. 87 

hotels in Key West are the Russell House and the Leland 
Hotel, recently erected by a stock company. Board can be 
ol)taiiied in numerous private families at reasonable rates. 
The I^ry ToB'lllSS^riiS islands, at the extreme end of 
the Florida Keys, aiul extending some distance into the 
Gulf of Mexico. They were used as a penal place for 
Confederate prisoners during the late war, and several of 
the Lincoln conspirators were confmcd there. They are 
forlorn, barren rocks, defended by fortifications, ami 
ornamented ^?i witli a light house. 



HEiipTEES FOB TIISTS! 

401 Broadway, New York. 

The Erie Railway Company calls attention to its beautiful scenery of the Ram- 
apo Pass, Delaware River, Susquehanna Viaduct and Valley, Portage Bridge and 
Niagara Falls. Combination Pleasure Exc rsion Tickets are sold during the 
summer seas(m to Watkins Glen, Niagara Falls, Thousand Islands, River St. 
Lawrence, Oooperstown, Lake George and all other i)rominent points of interest, 
embracing all the chief places ot summer resort, at the lowest rates of fare. 

Tourists will get more for their money on the ERIE Railway than on any other 
road in the country. Remember the office, 

401 BROADWAY, TsEVV YORK. 
JNO. N, ABBOTT, 

GenH Passenger Agent, 



88 



THE ST. AUGIISTIHE HOTEL, 




iiiiii 




ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA. 

E. H:. YAITjIj, Proprietor. 

Sixth Season Opens Wednesday, December 1st, 1875. 

This spacious and elegant Hotel occupies the most commanding situation in 
the City, and, during the past Summer, having been enlarged to double its former 
capacity, offers superior accommodations to the travelling public. It has a 
Southerly front of 200 feet upon the Plaza, or Public Square, and an Easterly 
front of 160 feet upon the Bay, with wide piazzas and hanging balconies from 
each story overlooking the City, Bay and Atlantic Ocean. TiiC House has been 
entirely refitted and refurnished throughout. Is lighted with gas and provided 
with every modern improvement, including water conveniences, electiic bells, 
&c., &c. The Dining Hall is capable of seating over 300 guests, and the table 
will be furnished with all the luxuries of the Northern markets. At this Hotel 
every convenience will be found in the way of Telegraph and Ticket Offices, Bar 
and Billiard Saloo: s, &c., &c. The climate of St. Augustine is unsurpassed. 
For many years it has been the favorite resort for thousands of invalids, and 
others who desire to escape the rigid winters of the North. " Ye ancient City " 
possesses more attractions than any other place on this continent ; prominent 
among which are the old fort "San Marco," with its dungeons, the ancient 
Cathedral, Spanish Government nouse. Coquina buildings, narrow streets, with 
overhanging balconies, sea walls. &c. , &c. The City has a very eventful history, 
and still retains all the characteristics of its Spanish origin. The United States 
Government built a sea wall, extending the entire length of the City, as a protec- 
tion from the waves during severe storms, which is much used as the " fashion- 
able promenade " for both citizens and strangers. It is a favorite resort on 
moonlight nights," which are enjoj^ed here to perfection. Persons wishing to 
avoid the cold weather of the North, or afflicted with pulmonary complaints, will 
find St. Augustine one of the most desirable places in the world. To reach St. 
Augustine from New York, there are four distinct routes— "all rail" to Jackson- 
ville, thence by boat to Tocoi (forty miles up the St. Johns River, daily), and 
thence by rail, fourteeu'railcs, to St. Augustine ; or by steamer to Charleston, 
Savannah or Fernandiua, and by boat or rail from thence to St. Augustine. 
Steamers to Charleston and Savannah three times a week, and to Fernandina 
once a week. 



89 



INDEX. 



Page. 

Alachua Sink...... 60 

Albany, Ga 49 

Alexandria 65 

Alligator Shooting 23-7 1 

Altahama River ...-. 41 

Alpotivkee Swamp 84 

Anastasia Island 76 

Ancient Florida 23-70-72 

Apalachicola . . 80 

Archer 61 

Area of Florida 7 

Atlantic and Gulf Railroad 39 

A. G. &W.I.Trans.Co. R.R. 56 
Ancilla 52 



Bacon ton 49 

Bald\vin 55-58 

Bainbridge 46 

Bissayne Bay 85 

Bishop of Florida, V. E 57 

Blackshear 42 

Blue Spring, (Albany, Ga. ) — 49 
Blue Spring, (St. John's Riv.) 70 

Bona venture Cemetery 37 

Boston, Ga 45 

Brock's Steamer Line 63 

Bronson 61 

Brunswick, Ga 41 



Cairo 46 

Callahan 58 

Camilla 48 

Cathedral, St. Augustiae 75 

Cedar Keys 61 

Cession of Florida to U. S. ... 5 

Chalybeate Spring 54 



Paoe. 

Charleston, S. C , 31 

History 31 

Harbor 31 

Hotels 32-33 

Streets 32 

Public Buildings 32 

PlacesVorth visiting 34 

Charlotte Harbor 84 

Chipola Big Spring 8 

Civil War 6-31-37 

Climate of Florida 10 

Climax 46 

Consumptives, Florida for.. 25-26 
Cotton 12-29-36-47-51 



Darlington, Steamer 63 

Devil's Hopper 45 

Dixie 45 

Doctortown 41 

Dungeness Estate 58 

Dunn's Lake 68 

DuPont 43-47 

Dry Tortugas 87 

Ellaville 53 

Enterprise 73 

Everglades 84 



Fernandina 56 

Fevers 27 

Finegan, General 6-54 

Fishing in Florida 20 

Fleming 40 

Forrest Station 47 

ForsythPark 37 

Fort McAllister 39 



90 



INDEX. 



Page. } 

Fort Marion 77 j 

Fort Pulaski 36 : 

Grinesville 60 | 

Geography of Florida 7 

Geological Formation 8 

Goodman 52 

Government, present State.... 14 
Great Southern Majl Route... 16 

Green Cove Springs 69 

Greene, Genl, Nathaniel, Es- 
tate of 58 

Green Spring 74 

Hardaway 49 

Hart's Grove 71 

Hattie, Steamer 63 

Hawkinsville 72 

Havana Steamers 62-86 

Hibernia 69 

Historic Sketch 3 

Hogarth's Wharf 69 

Homersville 43 

Hotel business in Florida 30 

Houses, Cost of Building 29 

HoviT to get to Florida 16 

Huguenots in Florida 4 

Hunting in Florida... 20-23-74-83 

Immigrants, Florida for 28 

Indian River 72-75-82 

Invalids, Florida for 25 

Jacksonville 55"64 

Topography and Suburbs. 64 
Hotels and Educational 

Establishments 65 

Commerce & Industries. . 66 

Points of Interest 67 

Jacksonville, Pensacola and 

Mobile Railroad 50 

Jasper 47 

Jesup 41 

Johnston 40 

Keys, the Florida 85 

Key West 86 



Paob. 

Lake City .,,., ... 54 

Lake George 71 

Lake Harney 74 

Lake Jessup 74 

Lake Monroe 73' 

Lake Rachel 52 

Lands, Cheap 28 

Lands, Price of 29 

La Villa 64 

Lee, General 58 

Leon County 51 

Live Oak .. .48-53 

Little Lake George 71 

Lovick Pierce College 45 

Lumber Business 13-30-57 

Madison 52 

Malaria in Florida 26 

Mandarin , 68 

Marrianna 80 

Mcintosh 40 

Mellonville 73 

Micanopy 61 

Miccosukie $2 

Mobile Steamers 62 

Monticello 52 

Monuments 38 

Moncriefs Springs 67 

Mosquitoes 30 

Mulberry Grove 68 

Naylor 43 

Nev^^nansville 61 

New Orleans Steamers 62 

New Smyrna 72 

Northern Florida 50 

Northern Settlers 15 

Ocklawaha River yi 

Okafonokee Swamp 4^-43 

Okeechobee 84 

Okloknee 48 

Olustee, Battle of 6-54 

Olustee Station 54 

Orange Grove 7^ 

Orange Raising 29 

Otter Creek 61 

Ousley 44 



INDEX. 



91 



Page. 

Palatka 70 

Palmetto 61 

Patterson 42 

Pelham 48 

Pensacola 5-81 

Picolata 70 

Pleasure Seekers, Florida for. 20 

Political Parties 14 

Population 13 

Quincy 50 

Quitman 44 

Rain in Florida 10 

Rattlesnakes 30 

Rembert Island 71 

Riverside 65 

Sanderson 55 

Santa Fe Lake 59 

Savannah, Ga 35 

Hotels 36 

Parks and Cemeteries.... 37 

Points of Interest 38 

Scott, General 72 

Screven 41 

Scuppernong Grapes 50 

Sea Routes to Florida 17-18 

Seminole War 6 

Seymour's Defeat 6-54 

Silver Spring 8-71 

Southern Florida 82 

Springs 8-44-48-53-54-69-72-74 

Springfield 65 

Starke 59 

Statenville 47 

St. Augustine 5-23-7 S 

Hotels 76 

St John's River 62 

St. Marks 55 



Paqb. 
Stockton 43 

Stowe, Mrs. H. Beecher 68 

Sunbury Fort 40 

Sulphur Springs (Suwanee).... 48 
Sulphur Springs (Withlacoo- 

chee) 44 

Suwanee Station 48 

Suwanee Spa 8 

Swedish Colony 51 

Swiss Colony 46 

Tallahassee 51 

Tampa Bay 83 

Tebeauville 42 

Thermometer, Range of 1 1 

Thomasville 45-48 

Thunderbolt 38 

Tocoi 70 

Trail Ridge 59 

Turnbull 72 

UpperWhite Sulphur Sprg's .47-48 

Valdosta 43 

Vegetable Trade 12-57 

Volusia 72 

Wakulla River 8 

Waldo 59 

Walthourville 40 

Way Cross 42 

Way's Station 39 

Welaka 71 

Welborn 53 

Western Florida 80 

Whigham 46 

White House 55 

White Sulphur Springs 53 

Wine Culture 5^ 



steamers 



every Ten Days from Savannah, Ga. 




W/( y^^ 



*tiuiiuvavs 'ii9tauino Y u^^iunjf; of fiiddv *>iooi[ opyn^ nnssv^ .todf 



93^^ 




IITEL 




.aiil!s*'i^|,l|i|il3ii|i]i 

i Ji . J ■ i i Mi 




Refitted and Repainted Throughout, 

BATHS ON EACH FLOOR, 
ARTESIAN WATER. 



Rooms secured by Lettek or Telegraph in Advance. 



ADDREStt 



lE^roprietors. 



94 

THE CELEBRATED YACHT 

"ELBANOB." 

Champion Yacht of the Charleston Regatta, 1874 



THE ABOVE YACHT, 

Safely, Handsomely and Comfortably Appointed, 

PCSSESSINC ASTO^ ISHINC SPEED, 

Will leave Southeru Wharf every diiy at 10 a.m. and 3.30 p. m., 

Fort Sumter, Battery Wagner, 
Fort Moultrie, 

And all tlie othor interesting: i>oints 
ax'oiind tlie Havt>ox'. 

For •ngagements apply on board to 

Capt. THOMAS YOUNG-. 

CharlMton, Oct. 1875. 



95 

WILSON & HAVENS, 

ISio. 14r3 BroTiglitorL Street. 

Oldest Photoijrraphic Establislimpnt in Snvannafa. 

Portraits in Ink and Oil, 

CARTES DE VISITES, &c., &c. 

Stereoscopic Views of all the Principal Points of Interest 
in the Southern States, 



COMPRiSING; 



Savannah and its Bun-onndings, Bouaveutura, St. Johns and Oclawaha Rivers, 
Jacksonville, St. AugustlRe, (ireen Cove Springs, Mandarin, the residence of 
Mrs. H. B. Stowe, with a large number of interesting views delineating negro life. 



PALATKA, FLA. 

Millinery and Dress Making, 

Palmetto Hats and Florida Curiosities. 



ORDERS FILLED AT SHORTEST NOTICE. 



JOHN THOMPSON, 

PALATKA, FLA. 



TRUNKS REPAIRED, 

ORDERS PROMPTLY FILLED. 



FLORIDA CURIOSITIES! 



Alligator's Teetli, 

Sea Beans, Oranges^ 

Ganes, Plumes, Etc. 

A. DESBOUILLONS, 

Ho. 21 BULL STPvEET, 
(Opp. Screven House.) Savannah, Ga- 




Dr. W. A. SPENCE having purchased " Onoro," the fine 
residence of Mr. Moses Lyman, in Orange County, Florida, 
adjoining the beautiful Orange Plantation of Col. B. F. Whitner, 
and made large additions to it, opened on the 1st of November, 
a comfortable resort for persons seeking a winter home in that 
delightful climate. The location has been selected with great 
care"^ in a refined and highly cultivated neighborhood, entirely 
free from all malarious influences, and possessing great advan- 
tages for health, recreation and amusement. It is situated in a 
high pine forest, three miles inland from Mellonviiie or Sanford, 
on Lake Monroe, surrounded by extensive Orange and Banana 
Groves, and bordering on two beautiful lakes, affording facilities 
for boating and lishin^g. 

It is accessible by comfortable steamers, which leave Jackson- 
ville almost daily during the winter for Sanford and Mellonville, 
whence good conveyance will be furnished. The houses and 
furniture are new, and the accommodation, fare and attendance 
will be carefully attended to. 

Medical attendance will be given when desired, by the propri- 
etor, who has been actively engaged in the practice of his profes- 
sion for more than thirty-five years. 

Reference— The Georgia Medical Society, Savannah, Georgia. 

\v. A. SPKNOE, m:. I>., 

Lat8 Of 149 Jones St., SaTannali, Ga. PORT REID.IOEAITGE 00., PLA. 



97 

PETER LINDENSTRUTH, 

DEALER IN 

Watches, Clocks & Jewelry, 

ALSO, 

Toys, Violins, Accordions, Confectionery, Florida Cnriosities, 
Alligators' Teeth, Sea Beans, &c., &c. 

SAVANNAH, Ga. 



rit-I>aii'inig: of TTatclies, Oloclcs and JeT^elry. 

ALL ORDERS FILLED AT SHORTEST NOTICE. 



»£3 



[®tel 

PALATKA, E. Fla, 




The proprietors of this well-known house take pleasure in 

announcing that since the last season it has been 

greatly enlarged and improved by the 

addition of thirty new rooms, 

and that it now offers 

EVERY COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE 

usually to be found in 
A FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, 



P. & H. PETERMANN 

PA'OPh'JIs'JOJ^S. 



98 



WM mm* 



p. J. HOBART, Proprietor. 

Oomif Bill; Soitl-Bfoi^d aid Iill Sti iils, 

SAVilMlTAH, Gil. 



THE ST. MARKS, PENSACOIA & NEW ORLEANS 

STEAMSHIP LINE. 

The new and well- x^^lit fast and popular 

appointed - SrMxrM ^ Steamship 

Xj I Z Z I E , 

Capt. Fletcher. 

Will sail from St. Marks for the above ports on alternate 
Saturdays, on arrival of train. And 

RETURNING 

Will leave New Orleans on the intermediate Saturdays, calling 
at Pensacola both ways. 

1^^ For freight or passage, having fine accommodations, apply 
to any of the Agents of the J. P. & M. R. R.,, or to 

F. B. PAPY, POST «fe HOBBY, 

Gen'l Freight and Ticket Agent. New Orleans. 



99 



p AVILION HOTE T 




CHARLESTON, S. C 



This long established and favorite House having been 
thoroughly renovated, painted ajid newly furnished, and 
having had the celebrated "Artesian Water and Baths" in- 
troduced, is now open for the reception of the traveling 
public. 

The Proprietors have spared neither pains nor expense 
in making this Hotel equal to any 

in the South, and trust by strict attention to merit a share 
of public patronage. 

Terms, $3,00 per Day. 

TRANSFER COUPONS TAKEN BY OMNI- 
BUSES OF THIS HOUSE. 



G. T. ALFORD & CO. 



1110 TONS 

m:ointoo]vxek^y, 

1110 TONS. 

Sa.il e-^ery Tli."a.rsd.a.3r. 



C 




m 



NO TRANSFER OF BAGGAGE. 

QUICK PASSAGES. 
NO DETENTION BY MISSING CONNECTIGNS ! 

GOOD TABLE 1 SAFE COMMANDERS! 



to: 



'A^^^k-^m^^^^Wff Jmn arm 

(BAHAMAS.) 

New York, Savannah and Nassau 

MAIL STEAMSHIP LINE, 

Under Gontract loitli the Bahamas Governmerit, and carrying the 
British and United States Mails. 

A FIRST-CLASS PASSENGER STEAMSHIP WILL LEAVE 

SAVANNAH FOR NASSAU, N. P. 

EVERY TEN DAYS, 

lualdug close connections at SAVANNAH with FIRST-CLASS STEAMERS, to 
and from NEW YORK, or by Rail to all parts of the country, thus giving the 
option of a short sea vovage to or from SAVANNAH, or a longer voyao-e to or 
from NEW YORK ; also affording 

FLORIDA AND SOUTHERN TOURISTS 

every facility for including NASSAU in their trip, without being forced to take 
passage from a Northern port. 

seeking a still milder climate than Florida can afford, Nassau is strongly recom- 
mended, as the temperature never falls below 64"^ Fahrenheit, nor rises above 82°, 
and where the variatiou never exceeds 5° in 24 hours. 

Tourists and Bleasnre SeeJcers, will lind the varied scenery of New Provi- 
dence and the surrounding islands a source of constant enjoyment. 
N. B.— Tlie steamers always go to the wharf at Nassau. 

THE EOYAL VICTOEIA HOTEL AT NASSAU, 

is beautifully situated and well kept. It is favorably known the world over by 
tourists and travelers. 

Excursion Tickets issued at reduced rates, fi-om prominent points in tlie 
United States and Canada?, by Steamer from New York to Savannah, and thence 
to Nassau, and return ; also inchiding points in Florida. 

For further information, rates, schedules of departures, etc., apply to the 
Agents, 

GUSTAVE LEVE, MURRAY, FERRIS & CO. 

Gem Passenger Agent, 62 South St., New York. 

210 Washington St., Boston. 

202 St. James St., Monrreal. HUNTER & GAMMELL, 

And Opposite St. Louis Hotel, (jH^hec. Savannah, Ga. 



I mm m m, 

COMPRISING THE 

WILMINGTON and WELDON, WILMINGTON, 

COLUMBIA and AUGUSTA, and CHARLOTTE, 

COLUMBIA and AUGUSTA ROADS. 

To all Points South and Southwest. 



All Travelers should examine the Schedules of this Route before 
purcLasing Through Tickets. 

Tickets Good Until Used. 

Baggage Checked Through. 

GOOD EATING-HOUSES 

And Ample Time for Meals. 

SPECIAL NOTICE. — Attentive Stewardesses accompany 
all Trains of 

THE ATLANTIC COAST LINE BOADS, 

to see that the Ladies and Children are made comfortable. 



THROUGH TICKETS 

via this route can be bought at the principal ticket offices in 
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington and 
all important points in the Nortli and East. 

(See list of Ticket Offices on page 17.) 



ASK FOR TICKETS VIA WIL MINGTON. 

W. J. TfALKER, R. R. BRIDGER8, 

General Agent. President. 

J. H. WHITE, A. POPE, ; 

SoutJwrn Parn'r Agent Oen'l Paas^r d- lleket Agent. 



I03 



SAVANNAH & CHARLESTON 

BAILKOAD. 



Best and Shortest Route to Florida. 



NO OMNIBUS TRANSFER IN SAVANNAH. 

IDOXTBI-iE HD-^II-i"^ a?^^-^II^T3- 

368 Miles— Time Through to Jacksonville 
in 24 Hours. 

AVOII> OXJTSir>E HEA VOYAOE. 

PULLMAN SLEEPEES ON NIOTT TRAINS. 



S. C. BOYLSTON, 

Gen'l Freight and Ticket Agent. 



C. S. GADSDEN, 

Eng. and Snpt. 



DAY. 


NIGHT. 


Mis 


8.15 A.M. 


8.30 P.M. 




9.15 " 


9.30 " 


9 


10.33 " 


11.10 " 


29 


11.56 " 


1.00 A.M. 


53! 


12.20 P.M. 


2.00 " 


12.43 " 


2.45 " 


61 ! 


1.45 •• 


4.30 " 


83 


3.20 " 


7.00 " 


107 



December 5tli, 1875. 



LEAVE. AKRIVE. 

Cliarleston 

John's Island 

Jacksonboro 

;-;}.,..iroo.a«ee. ..{--„• 

61 I Cooswhatchie 

Ilarderville 

Savannali 

ARRIVE. LEAVE. 



NIGHT. 



6.30 A.M. 
5.35 " 
3.50 " 
1.40 " 
2.10 " 
1.10 '♦ 
12.00 M. 



DAT. 



4.20 P.M. 

3..30 " 
I 2.12 " 
12.18 " 
12.40 •' 
11.55 A.M. 
10.53 " 



10.20 P.M. 9.20 " 



O. ID- OT7v^EIST3, 



GENERAL AGENT, A. & G. R. R., 

315 Broadway? New York. 



I04 






AUGUST A, Ca., 

AND 

"JPoxt JE^oye^l XSailroad.. 



New York, December 6th, 18T5. 
OFFICIAL CIRCULAR. 

The completion of the " Junction Branch Railroad" at Savannah, Ga., an- 
nounced in the New York Herald of 2d inst,, enables us to offer to Tourists, 
Invalids, and the traveling public generally, an 

UNBROKEN ALL RAIL LINE TO FLORIDA. 

Passengers from New York and Eastern points, en route to Savannah and 
Floridii via the following favorite routes; 

ATLANTIC COAST LINE, 

PIEDMONT Am LINE, 

YIROINIA MIDLAND, 

are offered the following double daily schedule, now in effect, from Augusta, Ga.: 
Leave Augusta, via Port Royal R, R., . 7.30 a. m. 9.00 p. M. 

Arrive Yemassek, . . * . . . 12.00 noon. 2.20 a. M. 

Leave •' 12.20 p. m, 2.35 a. m. 

Arrive Savannah, via Sav. & Ch'tn R. R., 3.20 p. m, 7.00 a. m. 
Leave " f?« A. & G. R. R. . 3.40 p. M. 8.30 a. M. 

Arrive Jacksonviixe, .... 7.45 a. m. 10.10 p. m. 

In purchasing tickets passengers should select the "Magnolia Route," for the 
following reasons : 

let. It is the o/i^?/ line, via Angusta, conuecting with the Atlantic and Gulf 
Railroad at Savannah, avoiding the long, tedious and well-knoivn " Omnibus 
transfer " through that city. 

2d. It is the only line, via Augusta, offering close doable daily all rail connec- 
tions between Augusta, Ga., and Jacksonville, Fla. 

3d. It is the only line, via Augusta, running Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars be- 
tween Augusta and Savannah. 

4th. It is the only line, via Augusta, running Through Day Coaches without 
transfer between Augusta and Savannah. 

As it is usual for Ticket Agents and the representatives of initial roads to inform 
the passenger as to schedules, &c., of the different lines by which his destina- 
tion is reached, and as it is also usual, and to the interest of all parties con- 
cerned, in instances where the passenger does 7iot select his route, to ticket him 
by the one offering the greatest comforts and most expeditious schedules, it is 
respectfully urged that the //7eMYs -and /rtc^o' above stated be carefully compared 
with those of other hues, and that we receive that recognition which the result 
of such comparison entitles us to. 

Tickets rm the "Magnolia Route" are now on. sale in all the offices of the 
Penn. and Balto. & Ohio Railroads in this city and the East. 
Further information cheerfully granted upon application to 

R. H. THAYER, T. S. DAVANT, 

General Agent Port Royal R. R. Gen'l Pass. Agent Port Royal R. R. 

347 Broadway N. T. AUGUSTA. Ga. 



105 

The Atlantic <fe Gulf 

FREIGHT AND PASSENGER LINE 

VIA SAVANNAH, GA., TO ALL POINTS IN 

FLOIUDA, Southern and Middle (Jeorgia, 

Flint, Apalaohicola and Chattahoochee Kivers, 

Fast Freig-lit Express, via Savannah Steamships, to Savannah, 
Ga., and Atlantic Sc Gulf; Macon & Brunswick; Jack- 
sonville, Pensacola & Mobile Rail Roads, 

AND CONNECTING LINES. 
PULLMAN'S PALACE SLEEPING CARS ON ALL NIGHT TRAINS. 

TWO TRAINS DAILY FROM SAVANNAH 

to JACKSONVILLE, connecliug with Steamers on ST. JOHN'S RIVER, for 

St. Augustine, Palatl^a, Green Cove Springs, Hibernia, Orange 

Mills, Enterprise, etc., etc. 

Shippers are requested to mark all Packages—" Care of ATLANTIC AND 
GULP R. R. Agent. SAVANNAH, Ga," and to so state it on Ship's Receipt and 
Bill of Lading. 

Freight Received and Through Bills of Lading issued by Agents of IJie Li-ie as 
follows : 

BOSTON TO SAVANNAH, GA. 

DIRECT— The Steamers SEMINOLE and ORIENTAL leave on the 10th, 20th 
and 30th of each mouth. F. NICKERSON & CO., Agents, 206 State St., Boston. 

BOSTON via NEW YORK TO SAVANNAH. GA. 
Ship daily via BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE R. R. and PROVIDENCE AND 
NEW YORK STEAMSHIP CO., or OLD COLONY R. R. 

GEO. C. MORRILL, Agent, 77 Washington St., Boston. 
NEW VORK TO SAVAiNNAH, OA. 

FOUR DEPAUTURES PER WEEK 

MURRAY, FERRIS & CO— Ships Leo and Cleopatra, Sailing Tues^days from 
Pier 16 East River. Office, Nos. 61 and 62 South Street. 

WM. R. GARRISON— Ships San Salvador, San Jacinto, Herman Livingston, 
and General Barnes, Sailing Thursdays and Saturdays, from Pier 43 North 
River. Office, No. 5 Bowling Green. 

R. LOWDEN— Ships Asiiland and Tybee, Sailing Saturdays, from Pier 12 North 
River. Office, No. 99 Wust St. Returning, leave Savannah same days. 
PHILADELPHIA TO J^AVAINNAH, «A. 

The PHILADELPHIA AND SOLTHERN MAIL STEAMSHIP CO. despatch 
.one of their Steamers, Wyoming or Juniata, every Saturday, Returning, leave 
Savannah same day. W. L. JAMES, Agent, 410 South Delaware Ave., Phila. 
BAL.TIITIORE TO SAVAIVJVAH, OA. 

The AMERICA, SARAGOSSA AND NORTH POINT, leave on 10th, 20th and 
30th of each month. JNO. R. GOULD, Agent, Flanigau's Wharf, Baltimore. 

Information given and tickets sold to all points in Florida, in connection witli 
the " Atlantic and Gulf Railway." C. D. OWENS, t^en'l Ag't, 316 Broadway, N.Y. 



io6 



Flo* Fast Fr8i£lit aM Passaapr Una, 

CHARLESTON, S. C. 




TERNANDINA, CEDAR KEYS, MANATEE, JACKSON- 
VlliIiE, TAMPA, APALACHICOLA, 

HAVANA, KEY WEST, 

AND ALL INTERMEDIATE POINTS. 



The following 'mognificent side-wheel Steamships sail Semi-weekly at 3 P. M. 
every Wednesday and Saturday, 

CHAMPION, CIIAELESTOjy, SOUTH CAROLINA, 
Capt. R. W. Loc;kv.-oocI. Capt. Jas. Berry. Capt, J. T. Beckett. 

CITY OF ATLANTA OEOROIA, 

Capt. M. S. Woodhull. Capt. S. Crowell. 

MAKING CLOSE CONNECTION WITH THE 

Charleston and Florida Steamslii]> Co. 

Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transportation Co. 

and New Orleans, Florida and Havana S. S. Co. 



PASSAGE RATES, including tirst-cla?s Stateroom and Meals on Steam- 
ships to Charleston. 

SAVANNAH, $20,00. 



Tampa $41 M) 

St. Augustine 31 75 

Palatka 29 75 

Gainesville 30 25 

Lake City 30 25 

Tallahassee 31 25 

Apalachicola 50 00 

Peusacola 41 00 

Havana 60 00 



Jacksonville $27 75 

Fernandina 27 75 

Picolata 28 75 

Green Cove Springs 28 75 

Hihernia 28 75 

Orange Mills 30 25 

MonticeUo 31 25 

Quincy 32 50 

Baldwin 27 75 

Cedar Keys 32 75 

N. B.— Passengers have the privilege of taking either Railroad or Steamboat 
from Charleston to the Florida Ports and St. John's River Landings- 

Freight received ut all honrs of the day at Pier 29 North River, and Through 
Bills of Lading and Tickets issued at the office of 

JAS. W. QLINTABD & CO., A^rts., No. 177 West St., N. T. 

Excursion Tickets to Florida Ports at Reduced Rates. 



loy 



gUI€K DISPATCH, SAFET Y & COMFORT. 




THE 



New Orleans, Florida and Havana 

STJBA>I©11II» CO. 

Will digpatch one of their first-class U. S. Mail Steamers from New Orleans and 

Havana 

EVERY WEDNESDAY, 

Toucliing at Cedar Keys and Key West, and connecting with Steamers for Apa- 
lacliicola, St. Mark's, Tampa and the Suwanee River. 

TJiese Steamers are flrst-class — iiave goodpasseiger accommodations — are kept 
in good condition, and are commanded by careful and experienced officers, who 
make every effort for the safety, comfort and pleasure of travelers. 

The advantages to travelers seeking safety, comfort and pleasure on a steam- 
Bhip, are apparent in selecting this route, as rough sea is almost unknown in 
these waters. 

RATES OF FIRST-CLASS PASSAGE. 



rROM f 


New 


Cedar 


Tam- 


Key 


-TO — 
Ha- 


J^ck- 


Fer- 


Char- 


Sa-^ 




Orl'ns. 


Keys. 


pa. 


West. 


vana. 


s'nvllie 


n'ndi'a 


leston . 


van'h. 


New Orleans 




$25 


$35 


$40 


$40 


$31 


$31 


$35 


$36 


Cedar Keys.. 


$25 




10 


20 


25 










Tampa 

Key West... 


35 


10 




25 


35 


16 


16 


25 


25 


40 


20 


25 




12 


26 


26 


32 


32 


llavana 


40 


25 


35 


12 




26 


26 


35 


35 


Jacksonville. 


31 




16 


26 


26 










Femandina . 


31 




16 


26 


26 










Charleston. . 


35 






32 


35 










Savannah .... 


36 






32 


35 











For further information apply to 

Atlantic, Gulf & West India Transit Company Femandina, Fla. 

Florida Central Railroad Co Jacksonville, " 

E. J. Lutterloh Cedar Keys, •' 

Miller k Henderson Tampa, *' 

Jno. Jay Philbrick Key West, " 

Ravenel & Co Charleston, S C. 

Agents Florida Steam Packet Co Savannah, Ga. 

Lawton Bros,, 13 Mercaderes Street Havana, Cuba. 

120 Oommon St., New Orleans, La*. 



io8 

COOK'S 

COOK, SON & JENKINS, 261 Broadway, N. Y. 
THOMAS COOK & SON, Fleet Street, London. 

PIOXEERS, INAUGUUATORS and PROMOTERS of the principal systems of 
Tours established iu Great Britain and Ireland and the Continenr of Europe, have 
opened a Branch of their House in America, and are now giving increased atten- 
tion to ordinary traveling arrangements, 

With a view to rendering it Easy, Practicable & Eccnomical 

During the past thirty-five years, over four million traveJert? have visited near 
and distant points, under their management, safely and pleasantly. 

Their arrangements are now so extensive, that they cover portions of the 
four quarters of the Glooe. 

At their ofiices can be found the Railway and Steamship Tickets used by the 
traveler for a journey through parts of 

Europe, Asia, Africa and America. 

These Tickets allow one or more individuals to travel at any time, by any train, 
steamer or diligence by the route specified. They are first or second class, and 
allov\' breaks of journey at all places of interest to the tourist or pleasure seeker. 
The great advantages derived from their system are the prevention of loss from 
excJiange or money through the differences of currencies in a European or 
Oriental Tour, the prevention of imposition, overcharges, &c., <£-c.,andthe 
fact that most of the tickets are at reductions varying from ten to forty-five 
2ier cent, from the ordiuary fares, while all the tickets issued by them give the 
holder privileges which the ordinary tickets do not Those contemplating a tour 
to Europe should a{)ply personally or by letter to Mess. COOK, SON & JENKINS, 

fiving an outline of tour they wish to take ; in reply to which a quotation will 
e given, showing the total expense, including, if desired, hotel accommodations. 



BRANCH OFFICES: 

RONTON— 69 Wasliia-ton Street i MANCHESTER— 48 Piccadilly. 

WASHINGToKl Fmeenth St^ ^^^l^ESTER-GS^Grajiby^St^^^^^^ 

cor. (i, opp. Treasury Department. 
PHlLADELPHIA-614 Chestnut Street. 
NEW ORLEANS— 35 Carondelet St. 
PITTSBl KG- 167 Federal St. (Allegheny) 
SAN FRANCISCO— 3 New Moutgomery St. 
LIVERPOOL— 19 Cases Street, Opposite 

Central Station. 
EDINBl'RGH— 9 Princes Street. 
GLASGOW— 165 Buchanan Street. 
DUBLIN— Royal Insurance Building-, 

45 I)ame Street. 

All communications to be addressed to 

COOK, SON & JENKINS, 261 Broadway, N. Y. 



BIRMINGHAM— 16 Stephenson 

Place, New Street. 
PARIS- 15 Place du Havre. 
COLOGNE— 40 Domhof. 
BRUSSELS— 22 Galerie du Rol. 
GENEVA— 90 Rue de Rhone. 
VENICE— Grand Hotel Victoria. 
ROME— 1 B Piazza de Spagna. 
CAIRO— Cook's Pavilion. 
BEYROUT— Alexander Howard. 
JAFFA— Twelve Tribes Hotel. 



I09 




The National Route, 

RUNNING ITS CARS THROUGH WITHOUT ANY CHANGE BETWEEN --2 



BALTIMORE 

MMATUT^Lks, CHICAGO. 



WASHINGTON 

CINClMATUT.loUIS.CHlCA&O, 



WASHINGTON AND NEW YORK, 
NEW YORK AND CHSCACO. 
rullman Hotel Farlor and i*Uepln<f Cars, 
J. M COLE E. K. DORSEY, 

Gon'I Ticket Agent, Baltimore. Ass't (Uni'l Ticket Agent, 

FRED. W. RANKIN, THOS. R. SHARP, 

East. Passenger Agent, Master Transportation, 

315 Broadway, New York. Baltimore. 



no 



Regular Line of Southern Packets. 



Merchant's Line for Charleston, SozttJi Carolina, Messrs. Roach & 

Moffet, Agents at Charleston, S. C. 

Union Line for Savannah, Ga., Messrs. Hunter & Gammell, Agents at 

Savannah, Ga. 

Regular Loading berth Pier 10, E. R. Insurance Ji per cent. 

Through rates of freight guaranteed to all interior points in South Carolina, 
Macon and Albany, Ga., and to points in Southern Georgia, Middle and West 
Florida. No charge for forwarding goods at Charleston or Savannah. Vessels 
procured to load to and from otlier Southern Ports and West Indies. Apply to 

EVANS, BALL & CO. 

36 SOUTH STREET, NEW YORK. 



One Million of the Citrus family offered for sale this season. 
L. A. HARDEE. Proprietor, 

JACKSONVILLJE, FLA. 



II 



ORANGE BITTERS, 

Made from the Bigarade or indigenous Orange of Florida, and protected by 
patent; is a coraponnd of tbeactive modiciual agents of the Bigarade Orange, 
with pure, refined vvhiskej^ ; it is no highly-seasoned, cheap alcoholic mixture, 
but is prepared from the pure, simple substances mentioned. In the early days 
of Florida, the Indians taught the Spaniards to cure our climatic diseases with a 
mere decoction of the Bigarade Orange ; and the experience of all who have used 
the BIT t'ERS has been enthusiastically in their favor, attesting them to be an 
admirable tonic for the debilitated states resulting from miasmatic iufliHiuces, 
such as paleness, loss of appetite, languor and weakness. The BITTEES are 
gently laxative, and seem to appeal to tlie liver and stomach peculiarly. The 
oils, acid , salts, and other components of the orange are all highly useful as 
restorative agent's, and their strengthening and alterative influences are hastened 
and facilitated by the pure liquor employed as a vehicle for their conveyance to 
the ])l<)od. 



Is a good tonic for invalids, inviaroratingr and strengthening the system ; 
it assists digestion, and is a delightful beverage. 

Therir. u no purer or more healthful drink to he had. 

Orange County, Fla., January. 1875. 
We. whose names appear below, regular practioners of medicine in South 
Florida, are as averse as are any of our brethren to recommending, or in an 
wav encouraging proprietary mc-dical compounds or nostrums. 

But, in the case of an article whose formula of preparation has been submitted 
to us, and wbic h we know is made strictly thereby, oflered by Mr. I. I. lil'IE as 
Orang-c Oitters, we feel that we can lelax the rigorous rule that UKuaily 
guides us, and can say that this compound is made as represented, and fur- 
nishes in an eligible form the useful qualities of the Bigarade Orange. 

In certain atonic conditions of the Btomach, resulting from miasmatic influ- 
ences, in much of the constitutional debility arising frtmi tlie same cause, and in 
many other morbid states in which the use of bitters, aromatics and carmina- 
tives is indicated, we incline to believe the Orange Bitters will serve many 
good j)urposes, and will answer fully as well as any such medicines, besides pre- 
senting, where it is needed, alcohol in an agreeable form. So, for such uses a^^ 
are above mentioned, we can recommend the BITTERS. 

VV. A. SPENCE, M. U. 
ZELOTES H. MASON, M. 1). 
S.M.TUCKER, M. D. 
A. C. CALDWELL, M, D. 



Melionville, Orange County, Fla., January 15, 18T6. 
NOTE.— I have famished invalids with the BITTERS for the past three vears, 
and it has proven to be a good Liver Regulator and as good a tonic as can be de- 
sired. In fact, to a considerable extent, it supplies the place of quinine. 



Orange Bitters by the Case, $10.00 I Orange Bitters Pnnch, per Case, $8.00 
" " " Bottle, 1.26 1 " " " Bottle, 1.00 

I. I. HITE, Druggist, 

Miellonville, Florida. 



I 12 

1875-6, 



is ^a.i^©e B#t©l^ 



'.Fronting 8t. James Park), 



JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 




The Hotel is finely located upon elevated ground, having a frontage 
of 2IO feet on St. James Park, and the same on Laura Street, with 
entrances from both, and is easily accessible from Depot and Steamer. 
It is now the largest and most comfortable Hotel in Florida, having 
accommodations for 300 guests. It is lighted throughout with Gas; the 
?Ialls and spaces are heated with Steam, and connected with it are 
Bath-rooms, Billiard Hall, Bowling Alley, and other improvements 
found in first-class hotels. 

The Table will continue, as heretofore, to be a leading feature of the 
St. James. 

Music will be furnished during the season. 

The House is open from November to May. Liberal arrangements 
will be made for board by the week or the entire season. 

For further information, address 

J. R. CAMPBELL, JIaiiager, 

Jacksonville. Fla. 



"3 




J- T3 J "2 "O 

8£ . o g 
r. H [^ S S ^ 

_ U >- c/> S 

^ . 3 J- rt " 

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N O c« C -^ rf 

■;^ CLo*- c * 
© o c c i; u . o 

Will III 



o 

u 

A 
■*» 
:i 
o 

Vi 



Wv- c< c c 
O O :« 

5^1 ^^ 



,"0. 



(U- 



'^ -o c L- o o ^ 

§^il|lil 

M '^ = r^ !" 






C'Tculars and rates fur bu;ird lurnished by addressing 



2 OT)_|2 _o 
•— i^ lU o « 

£ ^-^ S « fe 

N o o o;s 



B. P. C HATFIELD, Proprietor. 



i^OTE.-PLANTEJiS HOTEL, Augu ta, Ga., refitted and furnished new 
throughout. Open the whole year. Rooms at Highland Park Hotel can be 
secured here. 

H. P. C HATFIELD, Proprietor. 



"4 

'MOUNT PLEASANT 

Military Academy, 

A BOYS' BOARDING SCHOOL, 

AT 

SING SINO, ON THE HUDSON, 



This lustitiitioii, founded in 1832, has long been widely and favorably I nown. 

The location is unsurpassed in beauty and healthfulness ; the grounds are 
ample and attractive; che buildings neat and commodious. 

The corps of teachers embraces six resident teachers, three visiting teacher?, 
and tln-ee lecturing professors. 

There are jlve graded classes in the Regular Course of Study, and parallel 
cour.-es in the Latin, Greek, French and German Languages. Instruction in 
Penmanship, English Composition, Elocution, and Vocal Music is given to every 
member of the School. 

It is believed that ample provision is made for every department of &tudy, and 
for the proper n.oral and physical care and training of the young. 

For further particulars, address the Principals, 

_ , SINC SING, N. Y. 

W. W. Benjamin. J. Howe Allen. 



ALL RAIL ROUTES I FLORIDA 

To EVERY POINT'uithe UNITED STATES, 



A lA. 




The iManagement take pleasnrein informing tlie public, tliat in connection 
witli their connecting Lines iirraugements have been made to greatly facilitate 
travel. T)ie coniple ion of Junction Branches at Savannah and Eu- 
faula obviate the inconvenience and delays of trajisportation by omnibus at 
those points, Avhile the introducton of the Lucas Parlor and Drawing Room 
Cars on the day trains, with accommodating servants in attendance, will be 
found a great addition t > their comforts. ISIew and luxurious Pullman SLEEP- 
ING CARS are attachedto the night line, and the, conductors and attachees of 
the Company are specially instructed to bestow every care and attention on in- 
valids, ladiet- and children, their passengers. 



Double Daily 


Tri 


ains 


to 


Savannah and 


the West. 


Lcavii 


i!2: Jacksonville 7.45 a 


. m. 


and 5.00 p. m. 








" 


Tallaliasj- 


:CQ 






2.15 p. m. 








'■ 


LiveOalv 


June. A. 


ct G 


. R. H., 12.55 


p. m., 10.40 p. 


ni. 


" 


Albany 


" 


s. 


W. 1 


{<. K., 




8.40 p. 


111. 


" 


Jesnp 


" 


M. 


A: B. 


R. R., G.oOp, 


. m. 


and 5.55 a. 


in. 


Arrive 


Savannah, 











9.40 p. 


m., 


and 0.00 a. 


m. 



The r<.m p. m. train connects at Albany with passenger trains both ways on 
Southwestern Railroad to and from Eufaula, Montgomery, New Orleans, etc. ; 
and at Jesui) Junction with trains on the Mac(/n and Brunswick R. R., arriving 
in Macon 4.40 p.m. Both trains connect at Savannah with the Savannah and 
Charleston R. R., leaving 9.20 a. m., and 10.30 p. m. 

Trains on the Central Road of Georgia leave at 9.15 a., and 7.30 p.m. 

New Orleans, Havana & Key West 

Via CEDAR KEYS. 

N. B.— Passengers should take train for Cedar Keys on Fridays, in order 
to guard against unnecessary delays there while awaiting the arrival of ihe 
steamer. Pas.-enger.-< should telegraph either from Charleston, Savannah, Fer- 
nandina or Jacksonville to I. K. Roberts, New Orleans, asking if steamer will be 
on time that week at Cedar Keys, en route for Key West, Havana or New Or- 
leans. Both message and reply will be at expense of I. K. Robfrls, who will in- 
form of the proper time of steamer's arrival at Cedar Keys, giving ample time 
for passengers to make connections. 

All information relative to passage and freights will be cheerfully furjiished 
on application at Companies' Offices. 

F. B. PAPY, 
R. AVALKER, Gen'l Fr't & Ticket Agt. 

gen'l sup't. Tallahassee^ Fla, 



THE 



PKEIRRED ROUTE TO FLORIDA 

IS VIA THE 

Atlantic -d Gulf Railroad. 



FROM 



AVOIDING SEASICKNESS, AND THE DETENTION OE 
STEAMER LINES AT ST. JOHNS RIVER BAR 



Two Fast Trains Daily between 

Leave Savannah 8,30 A. M. (Sundays excepted.) 
Arrive Jacksonville 10.10 P. M. " 
Leave Savannah 3.40 P. M. Daily. 
Arrive Jacksonville 7.45 A. M. Daily. 



The Morniiiar Train from Savannah connects with all Northern 
inward trains, and with M. & B. R. H. trains at Jesup. 

Lucas^ T)ra>Ying'-Room Cars, especially arranged for the con- 
venience of invalids, are attached to the train. Also throijfl^h Pull- 
man Sleeping" Cars from Louisville to JacksonviHe, via Jesup. 

The Eyenini^ Train connects with Northern trains via Au.a'usta 
and Yemas.see, and Charleston and Yemassee only. Pullman 
Palace Sleeping* Cars run through Savannah to Jacksonville. 

This train makes close connection with Steamers on St. Johns 
River. 

No Omnibns Transfer between the Savannah & C'luarlcston and 
A. & G. Railroads at Savannah. 

Good Eating Houses at regular intervals. 

For further information appU' to 

C. O. OWENS, JNO. EVANS, ^ 

Gen'l Agent, 3t5 Broadway, N. Y. Gen'l Ticket Agent, Savannah. 



^. v^^ 












^^ "^^^ 






K^ ^.. 



O 






'^^' ^/ 



.•s r. 



